Reforming of Model Gasification Tar Compounds

Abstract

Gasification tar, causing various process equipment problems, is an undesirable product during biomass gasification therefore catalysts for its decomposition are needed. Toluene as a model tar compound was tested on steam reforming reaction using ceria-zirconia based Ni and Co catalysts.

Mesoporous NiO–CeO2 catalysts for CO oxidation: Nickel content effect and mechanism aspect

“…3f), we suppose both clustered NiO and amorphous NiO species accounting for peak ˇ. In addition to free NiO, it is widely reported that another kind of NiO, which has strong interaction with ceria, is present in nickel-ceria system [8,42,44]. Due to the strong interaction, the reduction of NiO is retarded in comparison with free NiO [40].…”

Otimização Dinâmica de uma Planta de Gaseificação para Geração de Combustível

“…Porém, esta é apenas uma das diversas definições dadas a este composto, já que para defini-lo com base em sua composição química fatores como variação da composição do produto gasoso final desejado para uma aplicação particular e de como o alcatrão é coletado e analisado devem ser levados em consideração. O alcatrão é um composto indesejável, pois pode condensar ou polimerizar-se em estruturas mais complexas nas tubulações, filtros e trocadores de calor, danificando equipamentos, diminuindo a eficiên-cia total e aumentando o custo do processo [3]. Um dos principais desafios para a otimização da gaseificação de biomassa é como eliminar o alcatrão produzido durante o processo.…”

Steam Reforming of Toluene Over Pt/Ce x Zr1−x O2/Al2O3 Catalysts

“…However, due to the complexity of tar composition, different model molecules representatives of tar have been used in the studies such as benzene, toluene, naphthalene and methylnaphthalene. Nickel-based catalysts have been extensively investigated for the steam reforming (SR) of toluene due to the high activity of Ni for C-C bond breaking and its low cost [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, nickel catalysts undergo significant deactivation during steam reforming of toluene, mainly attributed to carbon deposition.…”

“…The formation of carbon is reduced or inhibited on smaller Ni crystallite size [18,19] by controlling the number of atoms in an ensemble. Mixed oxides such as perovskite-or hydrotalcites-type oxides have been reported as promising catalyst precursors for SR of toluene [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The reduction of these mixed oxides result in thermally stable and highly dispersed metallic particles.…”

“…This highly mobile oxygen can react with carbon species as soon as it forms, keeping the metal surface free of carbon and, thus inhibiting deactivation. Lamacz et al [14] studied the SR of toluene over Ni or Co supported on CeZrO 2 . TPD of toluene showed the formation of CO 2 .…”