Reforming of diesel and jet fuel for fuel cells on a systems level: Steady-state and transient operation

Samsun, Remzi Can; Prawitz, Matthias; Tschauder, Andreas; Meißner, J.; Pasel, Joachim; Peters, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115882

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In further experiments, it was possible to simultaneously maximize fuel conversion in the reformer and CO conversion in the shift reactor, enabling optimal conditions for coupling with a high-temperature PEFC [7]. Previous achievements demonstrated that it is possible to develop highly integrated reactors for fuel processing.…”

Section: Reactor and System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its key role, the ATR 12 reformer was not changed and was also used in the complete fuel cell system. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-assisted design approach of the ATR 12 was published in Peters et al [49], its component-level characterization in Pasel et al [50], and system-level characterization in Samsun et al [7]. The extended functions were realized in the new versions of the catalytic burner (CAB) and the water-gas shift (WGS) reactor.…”

Section: Reactor and System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main challenges of diesel reforming for fuel cell systems are conversion and durability issues related to catalysts, start-up/shut-down procedures, and system volume and weight. A recent survey of the literature on the complexity of diesel reforming and stability issues showed that many groups use surrogate fuels at low space velocities, and that the best performances with commercial fuels could be achieved by using precious metal catalysts in combination with the autothermal reforming route [7]. Research efforts also continue to develop Ni-based catalysts for the steam reforming of diesel [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Compact, Self-Sustaining Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit Operated on Diesel Fuel

et al. 2021

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A complete fuel cell-based auxiliary power unit in the 7.5 kWe power class utilizing diesel fuel was developed in accordance with the power density and start-up targets defined by the U.S. Department of Energy. The system includes a highly-integrated fuel processor with multifunctional reactors to facilitate autothermal reforming, the water-gas shift reaction, and catalytic combustion. It was designed with the help of process analyses, on the basis of which two commercial, high-temperature PEFC stacks and balance of plant components were selected. The complete system was packaged, which resulted in a volume of 187.5 l. After achieving a stable and reproducible stack performance based on a modified break-in procedure, a maximum power of 3.3 kWe was demonstrated in a single stack. Despite the strong deviation from design points resulting from a malfunctioning stack, all system functions could be validated. By scaling-up the performance of the functioning stack to the level of two stacks, a power density of 35 We l−1 could be estimated, which is close to the 40 We l−1 target. Furthermore, the start-up time could be reduced to less than 22 min, which exceeds the 30 min target. These results may bring diesel-based fuel cell auxiliary power units a step closer to use in real applications, which is supported by the demonstrated indicators.

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Section: Reactor and System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reactor and System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Compact, Self-Sustaining Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit Operated on Diesel Fuel

et al. 2021

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“…However, they also noted that ATR's scheme is less complicated and has a better water balance than SR's [24]. Samsun et al developed an integrated diesel fuel processing system for high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) [25][26][27][28]. The authors simulated a dieselfueled HT-PEMFC system and calculated a system efficiency of 22.3% [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors simulated a dieselfueled HT-PEMFC system and calculated a system efficiency of 22.3% [25]. They also conducted an experimental study of a 28 kW fuel processor, which achieved fuel conversion higher than 99.95% and CO concentrations lower than 1% [28]. Pregelj et al presented control strategies and electronic hardware solutions for diesel-powered fuel cell APUs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Powered by Diesel Fuel: System Simulation and Life Cycle Analysis

Hwang,

Yoon,

Choi

2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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Diesel engine generators used at construction sites generate noise, vibration, and large amounts of pollutant emissions. With the strengthening of emission standards for construction equipment, technologies must be developed to meet new requirements. We proposed and analyzed a mobile proton-exchange membrane fuel cell diesel-powered system to address these issues. The proposed system consisted of an autothermal reformer, a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, and a balance of plant components. Previous studies on the system have not explored the optimal design and operating condition of the system and have not shown whether the proposed system is superior to the system using the hydrogen-fueled proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system in the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions point of view. In this study, we clarified system operation characteristics, determined the operational design point, and evaluated system performance and life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions. The system was analyzed by constructing a zero-dimensional simulation model. Several control parameters were varied in parametric studies to determine the operational design point (steam-to-carbon ratio of 2, oxygen-to-carbon ratio of 0.5, fuel utilization factor of 0.85, and heat exchanger effectiveness of 0.85). Considering system performance, the determined design point achieved a 32.3% efficiency. Additionally, we assessed the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of the system and compared them with those of an alternative system, which is a hydrogen-fueled proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. It was confirmed that in the United States of America, the proposed system emits 1010.2 g-CO2-eq/kWh of greenhouse gas at a 300 km fuel transportation distance, which is similar to a hydrogen-fueled proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system (1001.1 g-CO2-eq/kWh). The proposed system emits less greenhouse gas emissions than the hydrogen-fueled proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system if the distance from the hydrogen production site to the construction site is more than 318 km. Therefore, for a construction site far from a hydrogen production plant, the proposed diesel-fueled proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system is preferable from both the greenhouse gas emissions and convenience perspectives.

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Thermodynamic analyses of a standalone diesel-fueled distributed power generation system based on solid oxide fuel cells

et al. 2022

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Reforming of diesel and jet fuel for fuel cells on a systems level: Steady-state and transient operation

Cited by 18 publications

References 62 publications

A Compact, Self-Sustaining Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit Operated on Diesel Fuel

A Compact, Self-Sustaining Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit Operated on Diesel Fuel

Mobile Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Powered by Diesel Fuel: System Simulation and Life Cycle Analysis

Thermodynamic analyses of a standalone diesel-fueled distributed power generation system based on solid oxide fuel cells

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