Reforma política en brasil: una historia sin fin

Fleischer, David V.

doi:10.14201/alh.7559

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A investigação da literatura foi feita por meio de dois bancos de dados de resumos e citações Web of Science e Scopus e, de forma complementar, pela biblioteca digital Scielo e do mecanismo de pesquisa Google Scholar-ambos resultando em três textos Fleischer (2004), Rocha & Silva (2015) e Rodrigues (2019). Para obter uma investigação eficaz na Scopus e Web of Science, foi preciso refinar as strings 4 de pesquisa utilizando expressões em inglês, espanhol e português.…”

Section: Ii2 Refinamento Da Busca Por Artigos a Serem Analisadosunclassified

“…O que prevalece são estudos tratando a reforma eleitoral como causa e não como efeito. Os poucos estudos que a tratam de maneira inversa se caracterizam de forma mais exploratória e descritivas (Fleischer, 2004;Marchetti & Cortez, 2009;Rodrigues, 2019), exceto Rocha & Silva (2015) que trouxeram conclusões mais robustas ao analisarem as Propostas de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) na agenda da reforma eleitoral no Brasil.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Como se fomenta ou se barra reformas eleitorais? Uma revisão de escopo

Souza

2023

Rev. Sociol. Polit.

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RESUMO Introdução: Estudo precondições de reformas dos sistemas eleitorais que visam modificações nas regras de ocupação de cadeiras no Legislativo. Busco responder às seguintes perguntas: i) quais são as condições para que ocorra uma reforma eleitoral?; ii) quais são os fatores que podem impedir reformas eleitorais? Materiais e métodos: Foi feita uma revisão de escopo para mapear o estado do conhecimento sobre essa matéria em âmbito internacional. Analisei 20 artigos selecionados a partir de uma busca estruturada nas plataformas Web of Science e Scopus, na biblioteca SciELO e no Google Scholar. A literatura foi classificada identificando as variáveis que tratam das causas e dos obstáculos às reformas tanto em democracias novas, como em democracias consolidadas. Resultados: Foi constatado que, para que uma reforma eleitoral tenha êxito, é necessário superar barreiras de diversas naturezas e elas variam conforme a amplitude das propostas. Caso seja uma reforma ampla, a tendência é o surgimento de barreiras culturais e políticas difíceis de contornar, por exemplo, um sistema eleitoral tradicionalmente enraizado (casos do Reino Unido e Estados Unidos). Isso explica por que muitos países possuem um sistema eleitoral praticamente intocado. Por outro lado, minirreformas e reformas técnicas, como mudanças no voto de lista ou na fórmula para distribuição de cadeiras, possuem obstáculos bem menores, o que explicaria a maior ocorrência de alterações desse tipo nas legislações eleitorais. Discussão: Não é possível encontrar uma razão global sobre o que incentiva ou impede reformas eleitorais, pois há um conjunto fatores diferentes que atuam conforme os contextos em que cada reforma está inserida. No entanto, durante períodos de crise política barreiras institucionais são enfraquecidas abrindo-se então uma janela de oportunidade para implementar mudanças na legislação.

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Section: Ii2 Refinamento Da Busca Por Artigos a Serem Analisadosunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Como se fomenta ou se barra reformas eleitorais? Uma revisão de escopo

Souza

2023

Rev. Sociol. Polit.

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“…The first, primarily based on the theories of democracy developed by Robert Dahl and Giovanni Sartori, focuses on institutional issues, the main concern being the contribution of political parties to democratic consolidation and the functioning of representative institutions (Dahl 1971;Sartori 1973). There is a substantial amount of literature that deals with Brazilian political parties in general, addressing issues such as: the role of political parties in the construction of the political offering (Kinzo 2004); the practice of political institutions by parties and members of Congress (Ames 2001); the fragility of Brazilian political parties (Mainwaring and Scully 1995); candidates' strategies (Samuels 1997); party migrations (Melo 2000;Fleischer 2004); and party discipline (Amorim Neto 2002). Secondly, most studies of the PT focus on the party system at the national level, and approach party organizations as collective wholes, viewed from the perspective of their leaders, their strategic choices, their conflicts and ideological debates.…”

Section: Approaches To the Pt: The Need To Contextualize Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the PT "entered" into the political institutions via the administration of several state capitals, and through winning legislative mandates. For the party leaders we interviewed in Recife, this meant learning how to practice being in power and absorbing the dominant norms of behavior of the Brazilian political field, even if they tried to change those rules from within (Fleischer 2004). Secondly, the institutionalization of the PT was the product of "initial adjustments, successful experiences or failures, compromises" (Lagroye, François, and Sawicki 2006: 147).…”

Section: Conclusion: a Growing Distance Between Professionals And The Rank-and-filementioning

confidence: 99%

The Worker's Party, from Contention to Public Action: A Case of Institutionalization

Goirand

2014

Journal of Politics in Latin America

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The Worker's Party (PT) was created in 1980 during the liberalization of authoritarian rule in Brazil, in the context of contentious mobilizations, which were especially strong in the union sector in São Paulo. The PT then attracted increasing support at the polls and won a number of local executives before winning the federal presidency in 2002; this process has often been labeled as "institutionalization". This paper defines the notion of institutionalization and proposes an approach for observing institutionalization processes at the grass roots of party organization. The paper then analyzes the PT's transformation at the national level, whereby it became a majority, consolidated its organization, and moderated its ideological discourses. We also analyze the social components of the institutionalization of the PT. Based on the case of rank-and-file PT members in Recife, we show that this process included upward social mobility for local party leadership, included party leaders as professionals in the political arena, and created a growing distance between the party organization and the contentious space.

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Activists Forever?

Neveu¹

2018

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Conducting research on biographical impacts of participation in the events of May-June 1968 in France means delving into the events' role in processes of political socialization (Tackett, 2006) and renewing study of the formation of intellectual and political generations. For Karl Mannheim, the driving interconnection of a "generational ensemble" lies in its members' exposure to the social and intellectual symptoms of a dynamic destabilization (Mannheim, 1952). But to what extent were the diverse participants in the events of May-June '68 destabilized, and how to account for their possible influence on their trajectories? Do they still carry, 35 years later, traces of their past engagements? And if so, how to objectify them?If these interrogations as yet have but a few responses in France, they are nonetheless in line with Anglophone literature on the biographical consequences of participation in social movements (Andrews, 1991; Valocchi, 2013). They join work begun in the late 1970s questioning what came of student protesters in the United States (Fendrich, 1977; DeMartini, 1983; Marwell, Aiken & Demerath, 1987; Whalen & Flacks 1989 see McAdam, 1999 for reviews). Most are quantitative studies that agree on the persistence of political behaviors particular to the studied former-activist population in comparison to nonengaged populations: "former activists [are] more likely than non-activists to define themselves as politically 'radical,' espouse leftist political attitudes, eschew traditional 1 I would like to thank Juliette Rogers for the translation of this chapter.

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Reforma política en brasil: una historia sin fin

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Como se fomenta ou se barra reformas eleitorais? Uma revisão de escopo

Como se fomenta ou se barra reformas eleitorais? Uma revisão de escopo

The Worker's Party, from Contention to Public Action: A Case of Institutionalization

Activists Forever?

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