Reform efforts, synchronization failure, and international bureaucracy: the case of the UNESCO budget crisis

Eckhard, Steffen; Patz, Ronny; Schmidt, Sylvia

doi:10.1080/13501763.2018.1539116

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Academic literature has highlighted the role of timing in public policy‐making (e.g. Agné, 2016 ; Eckhard et al, 2019 ; Howlett and Goetz, 2014 ), but so far, we know little about the effects of timing of policy responses on trajectories of institutional change. This is all the more important considering potential first‐mover advantages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also confirms bureaucratic theories that portray secretariat officials as opportunistic agents (Hawkins et al, 2006). At the same time, the adaptability of large bureaucracies is not a given (Barnett and Finnemore, 2004) and IO secretariats still need to work in tandem with key member states to actually achieve desired change in the long run (Dijkstra, 2017;Eckhard et al, 2019). These conflicting dynamics we have also Notes: Standard errors in parentheses + p < 0.10, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; Coefficients reported.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID‐19 and Policy Responses by International Organizations: Crisis of Liberal International Order or Window of Opportunity?

Debre

Dijkstra

2021

Global Policy

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The liberal international order is being challenged and international organizations (IOs) are a main target of contestation. COVID‐19 seems to exacerbate the situation with many states pursuing domestic strategies at the expense of multilateral cooperation. At the same time, IOs have traditionally benefited from cross‐border crises. This article analyzes the policy responses of IOs to the exogenous COVID‐19 shock by asking why some IOs use this crisis as an opportunity to expand their scope and policy instruments? It provides a cross‐sectional analysis using original data on the responses of 75 IOs to COVID‐19 during the first wave between March and June 2020. It finds that the bureaucratic capacity of IOs is significant when it comes to using the crisis as an opportunity. It also finds some evidence that the number of COVID‐19 cases among the member states affects policy responses and that general purpose IOs have benefited more.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 and Policy Responses by International Organizations: Crisis of Liberal International Order or Window of Opportunity?

Debre

Dijkstra

2021

Global Policy

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“…However, the agency was able remain functional by starting a campaign to lobby other member states to increase their funding pledges (Al-Jazeera, 2019). Similarly, Eckhard et al (2019) show how the UNESCO bureaucracy was at the forefront of addressing the budget crisis after the United States stopped contributing in 2011. In resisting external challenges, secretariat staff are rarely alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional design for a post-liberal order: why some international organizations live longer than others

Debre

Dijkstra

2020

European Journal of International Relations

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Many international organizations (IOs) are currently under pressure and the demise of the liberal international order is the talk of town. We theorize that institutional characteristics help to explain why some IOs survive external pressures where others fail. We test this argument through a survival analysis of 150 IOs (1815–2014). We find that the only significant variable explaining the death of IOs is the size of the secretariat: IOs with large bureaucracies are good at coping with external pressures. In addition, IOs with diverging preferences among members and those that are less institutionalized are more likely to be replaced with successor organizations. We find that institutional flexibility included in the treaties does not have an effect on survival. This is surprising because the purpose of flexibility clauses is precisely to deal with external shocks. Finally, we also find that systemic and domestic factors do not explain IO failure. In conclusion, we should not write off the liberal international order all too quickly: large IOs with significant bureaucratic resources are here to stay.

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“…It invites research that uses the entire corpus or relevant subsets of the corpus, such as the "The UN Security Council debates on Afghanistan corpus" ) that we have analyzed elsewhere (Schoenfeld, Eckhard, Patz, & van Meegdenburg, 2018). Beyond a focus on UNSC member states and non-governmental organisations, the corpus should also be of interests to research on the policy-making influence of international bureaucracies (Abbott et al, 2014;Barnett & Finnemore, 2004;Bauer et al, 2017;Biermann & Siebenhüner, 2014;Eckhard & Ege, 2016;Eckhard et al, 2018;Hawkins et al, 2006;Hooghe & Marks, 2015;Rittberger & Zangl, 2003;Trondal et al, 2014). As noted before, the UNSC corpus complements and extends the established UN-related speech corpora, such as the UN General Debate corpus (Baturo et al, 2017) yet offers interesting new possibilities and avenues for research.…”

Section: Meeting Patterns Of the Unsc: From Formalized Discussion Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

The UN Security Council debates 1995-2017

Schönfeld,

Eckhard,

Patz

et al. 2019

Preprint

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This paper presents a new dataset containing 65,393 speeches held in the public meetings of the UN Security Council (UNSC) between 1995 and 2017. The dataset is based on publicly available meeting transcripts with the S/PV document symbol and includes the full substance of individual speeches as well as automatically extracted and manually corrected metadata on the speaker, the position of the speech in the sequence of speeches of a meeting, and the date of the speech. After contextualizing the dataset in recent research on the UNSC, the paper presents descriptive statistics on UNSC meetings and speeches that characterize the period covered by the dataset. Data highlight the extensive presence of the UN bureaucracy in UNSC meetings as well as an emerging trend towards more lengthy open UNSC debates. These open debates cover key issues that have emerged only during the period that is covered by the dataset, for example the debates relating to Women, Peace and Security or Climate-related Disasters.

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Reform efforts, synchronization failure, and international bureaucracy: the case of the UNESCO budget crisis

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

COVID‐19 and Policy Responses by International Organizations: Crisis of Liberal International Order or Window of Opportunity?

COVID‐19 and Policy Responses by International Organizations: Crisis of Liberal International Order or Window of Opportunity?

Institutional design for a post-liberal order: why some international organizations live longer than others

The UN Security Council debates 1995-2017

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