“…Nanoparticles have been widely used for decades due to their nanoscale size, mobility, multifunctionality, ability to adapt, increased solubility, personalized medications, early detection, and disease prevention ( Ahmad and Sardar, 2015 ; Ahmad and Khare, 2018 ; Ghosh et al, 2018a , b ; Soares et al, 2018 ). Nanomedicine has been used successfully to enhance treatment for a wide range of illnesses including neural, cancer, cardiopulmonary, and communicable diseases like HIV-1, HBV, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus ( Ahmad et al, 2014b ; Ghosh et al, 2019 , 2021a , b ; Abd Ellah et al, 2020 ; Srivastava et al, 2021 ). Nanotechnology could play a potential role in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 ( Bhavana et al, 2020 ; Campos et al, 2020 ; Noori et al, 2020 ).…”