Reflexes to sacral parasympathetic neurones concerned with micturition in the cat

Groat, William C. de; Ryall, R. W.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008683

Cited by 256 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Sacral parasympathetic reflexes to the urinary bladder, the other major excretory organ, also occur with a long latency (de Groat & Ryall, 1969;de Groat, 1975); however, this reflex pathway and the one to the colon differ considerably. For example, the afferent and preganglionic efferent limbs of the micturition reflex are composed of myelinated A y6 and B fibres, respectively, and are linked by a central pathway passing through a 'centre' in the rostral brain stem (Barrington, 1921;de Groat & Ryall, 1969;de Groat, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sacral parasympathetic reflex pathway regulating colonic motility and defaecation in the cat.

Groat¹,

Krier²

1978

The Journal of Physiology

106

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SUMMARY1. The sacral parasympathetic outflow to the large intestine of the cat was studied by monitoring simultaneously intestinal motility and the efferent firing in postganglionic fibres on the serosal surface of the mid-distal colon.2. Increases in efferent firing were noted during the occurrence of spontaneous propulsive activity (tonic pressure waves) or segmental contractions (slow rhythmic pressure waves). The neural discharge was not altered by transaction of the lumbar sympathetic innervation to the colon but was blocked by interruption of the sacral parasympathetic outflow.3. Electrical stimulation of pelvic nerve afferents arising in the colon or distension of the colon or rectum evoked reflex increases in efferent firing and sustained propulsive contractions that were associated with defaecation. Both responses were abolished by transaction of the pelvic nerves or sacral dorsal roots.4. Electrical stimulation of colonic afferent fibres also evoked synchronous reflex discharges in colonic efferents at latencies ranging from 180 to 300 msec. The discharges were enhanced during propulsive contractions, abolished by transaction of the pelvic nerves but not altered by transaction of the lumbar sympathetic nerves.5. Sacral reflexes were present in cats with intact spinal cord and in chronic spinal animals transactionn at T10-T12). The reflexes recovered within minutes to several hours after acute transaction of the spinal cord.6. Electrophysiological measurements indicated that the sacral reflexes to the large intestine were mediated by non-myelinated afferent and preganglionic efferent fibres. The central delay for the reflex was estimated to be 45-60 msec.7. It is concluded that the sacral parasympathetic reflexes to the large intestine are mediated via a spinal pathway and have an essential role in the initiation of propulsive activity during defaecation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sacral parasympathetic reflex pathway regulating colonic motility and defaecation in the cat.

Groat¹,

Krier²

1978

The Journal of Physiology

106

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“…5,6 The mechanism of action of DGN stimulation to treat bladder overactivity is thought to be inhibition of the bladder by pudendal afferent stimulation. 7,8 Somatic inputs via the pudendal nerve reduce the output of the parasympathetic efferent innervation of the bladder by direct post-synaptic inhibition 9 and possibly by pre-synaptic inhibition of bladder afferents. 10 Somatic inputs increase the sympathetic outflow to the bladder (via the hypogastric n.) which inhibits the excitatory parasympathetic input to the bladder at the level of the vesical ganglia 11 and directly inhibits the smooth muscle of the bladder wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal genital nerve stimulation for the treatment of overactive bladder symptoms

Goldman

Amundsen

Mangel

et al. 2007

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Aim-To evaluate percutaneous placement of electrodes adjacent to the dorsal genital nerve (DGN) and measure the effects of electrical stimulation on symptoms of urge incontinence during 1 week of home use.Methods-Prospective, multicenter study. Subjects with urge incontinence underwent percutaneous placement of an electrode using local anesthetic. Test stimulation was applied to confirm electrode placement and cystometry was conducted with and without application of electrical stimulation. A 7-day testing period with the electrode connected to an external pulse generator was performed and was followed by a 3-day post-treatment test period. Bladder diaries, 24 hr pad tests, and adverse event queries were obtained.Results-Twenty-one women were enrolled with an average age of 52.7 years and average duration of incontinence of 6 years. Percutaneous electrode placement required 5-10 min and was well tolerated. There was no relationship between the acute effects of stimulation on cystometry and the results during home use. Pad weight was reduced by ≥50% in 13 of 17 subjects (76%) (4 did not complete 24 hr pad testing) and 47% of subjects reported ≥50% reduction in incontinence episodes. Of the subjects who reported severe urgency at baseline, 81% experienced a 50% or greater improvement. Seven subjects experienced nine adverse events ranging from skin irritation to pain and bruising around the electrode exit site. Conclusions-Electrodes to stimulate the DGN can be placed percutaneously and a home testing period showed a reduction in overactive bladder symptoms with DGN stimulation.

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“…Stimulation of vesical branches of the pelvic nerve resulted in evoked responses of short and long latency (de Groat & Ryall, 1969). A conditioning stimulus to the colonic branches resulted in a decrease of the amplitude of the late response at condition-test intervals of up to 250 msec.…”

Section: Proceedings Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Communications

1979

The Journal of Physiology

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Reflexes to sacral parasympathetic neurones concerned with micturition in the cat

Cited by 256 publications

References 27 publications

The sacral parasympathetic reflex pathway regulating colonic motility and defaecation in the cat.

The sacral parasympathetic reflex pathway regulating colonic motility and defaecation in the cat.

Dorsal genital nerve stimulation for the treatment of overactive bladder symptoms

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