Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Is the immune system involved?

Ribbers, Gerard M.; Oosterhuis, Wytze P.; Limbeek, Jacques van; Metz, M. de

doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(98)90418-x

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We reported the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blister fluid collected from patients with CRPS1 [6]. However an earlier study reported no association between immunologic indices and blood samples obtained from patients with CRPS1 [17]. In another study, blood plasma levels of cytokines interleukin-1␤, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10 and TNF␣ were unchanged in CRPS1 compared to levels in healthy controls [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Mast cells are involved in inflammatory reactions during Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1

Huygen¹,

Ramdhani²,

et al. 2004

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…17 (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) Data are for 20 patients and are presented as median (±interquartile range). All patients reported symptoms of skin colour change, 13 patients reported a warmer extremity, six patients reported a colder extremity, one patient did not experience a temperature asymmetry.…”

Section: (1-10)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells are involved in inflammatory reactions during Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1

Huygen¹,

Ramdhani²,

et al. 2004

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“…14 Van de Beek et al analysed blood plasma levels of the cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10 and TNFα and found no differences between patients with CRPS and healthy controls. 15 If an infl ammatory immuno-respons plays a pivoting role, the substances, (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmune alterations in the complex regional pain syndrome

Huygen¹,

Bruijn²,

Klein³

et al. 2001

European Journal of Pharmacology

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“…Rund die Hälfte der Patienten entwickelt ei− nen feinschlägigen Tremor (verstärkter physiologischer Tremor) [34]. [38,39]. Dies legt nahe, dass eine neurogene Entzündung vorliegen könnte.…”

Section: Motorische Störungenunclassified

Komplex regionale Schmerzsyndrome: Neues zu Pathophysiologie und Therapie

Maihöfner¹,

Birklein²

2007

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

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Complex-regional pain syndromes (CRPS), formerly known as Sudeck's dystrophy and causalgia, belong to the neuropathic pain syndromes. CRPS may develop following fractures, limb trauma or lesions of the peripheral or central (CNS) nervous system. Occasionally, CRPS may also develop spontaneously. The clinical picture comprises a characteristic clinical triade of symptoms including autonomic (disturbances of skin temperature, colour, presence of sweating abnormalities), sensory (pain and hyperalgesia) and motor (paresis, tremor, dystonia) disturbances. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical signs. However, additional laboratory, neurophysiological and radiological examinations may help to corroborate correct diagnosis. Several pathophysiological concepts have been proposed to explain the complex symptoms of CRPS: 1, facilitated neurogenic inflammation; 2, pathological sympatho-afferent coupling; 3, neuroplastic changes within the CNS. Furthermore, there is accumulating evidence that genetic factors may predispose for CRPS. Therapy is based on a multidisciplinary approach. Non-pharmacological approaches include physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Pharmacotherapy is based on individual symptoms and includes steroids, free radical scavengers, treatment of neuropathic pain, and finally agents interfering with bone metabolism (calcitonin, biphosphonates). Sympathetic blocks are useful for the treatment of sympathetically maintained pain. Invasive therapeutic concepts include implantation of spinal cord stimulators. This review covers new aspects of pathophysiology and therapy of CRPS.

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Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Is the immune system involved?

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Mast cells are involved in inflammatory reactions during Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1

Mast cells are involved in inflammatory reactions during Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1

Neuroimmune alterations in the complex regional pain syndrome

Komplex regionale Schmerzsyndrome: Neues zu Pathophysiologie und Therapie

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