Reflex seizure triggering: Learning about seizure producing systems

Szücs, Anna; Rosdy, Beáta; Kelemen, Anna; Horváth, András; Halász, Péter

doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2019.03.019

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…The epileptic hyperexcitability is a sine qua non. Regarding absences, the activation of the sleep-promoting system may be a “reflex” seizure trigger ( 75 , 76 ).…”

Section: Absence Epilepsy (Ae) Is the Epilepsy Of The Nrem Sleep-prommentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and Epilepsy Link by Plasticity

Halász

Szücs

2020

Front. Neurol.

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We aimed to explore the link between NREM sleep and epilepsy. Based on human and experimental data we propose that a sleep-related epileptic transformation of normal neurological networks underlies epileptogenesis. Major childhood epilepsies as medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), absence epilepsy (AE) and human perisylvian network (PN) epilepsies - made us good models to study. These conditions come from an epileptic transformation of the affected functional systems. This approach allows a system-based taxonomy instead of the outworn generalized-focal classification. MTLE links to the memory-system, where epileptic transformation results in a switch of normal sharp wave-ripples to epileptic spikes and pathological high frequency oscillations, compromising sleep-related memory consolidation. Absence epilepsy (AE) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) belong to the corticothalamic system. The burst-firing mode of NREM sleep normally producing sleep-spindles turns to an epileptic working mode ejecting bilateral synchronous spike-waves. There seems to be a progressive transition from AE to JME. Shared absences and similar bilateral synchronous discharges show the belonging of the two conditions, while the continuous age windows - AE affecting schoolchildren, JME the adolescents - and the increased excitability in JME compared to AE supports the notion of progression. In perisylvian network epilepsies - idiopathic focal childhood epilepsies and electrical status epilepticus in sleep including Landau-Kleffner syndrome - centrotemporal spikes turn epileptic, with the potential to cause cognitive impairment. Postinjury epilepsies modeled by the isolated cortex model highlight the shared way of epileptogenesis suggesting the derailment of NREM sleep-related homeostatic plasticity as a common step. NREM sleep provides templates for plasticity derailing to epileptic variants under proper conditions. This sleep-origin explains epileptiform discharges' link and similarity with NREM sleep slow oscillations, spindles and ripples. Normal synaptic plasticity erroneously overgrowing homeostatic processes may derail toward an epileptic working-mode manifesting the involved system's features. The impact of NREM sleep is unclear in epileptogenesis occurring in adolescence and adulthood, when plasticity is lower. The epileptic process interferes with homeostatic synaptic plasticity and may cause cognitive impairment. Its type and degree depends on the affected network's function. We hypothesize a vicious circle between sleep end epilepsy. The epileptic derailment of normal plasticity interferes with sleep cognitive functions. Sleep and epilepsy interconnect by the pathology of plasticity.

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“…The epileptic hyperexcitability is a sine qua non. Regarding absences, the activation of the sleep-promoting system may be a “reflex” seizure trigger ( 75 , 76 ).…”

Section: Absence Epilepsy (Ae) Is the Epilepsy Of The Nrem Sleep-prommentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and Epilepsy Link by Plasticity

Halász

Szücs

2020

Front. Neurol.

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“…Thus, the specific sensory stimulus may lead to over-activation in specific brain regions which can induce seizures in susceptible patients [97] . Consistently with this theory, it was reported that in patients with generalized seizures, there are regions of hyper-excitability overlapping with regions responsible for encoding sensory stimuli and complex cognitive tasks [98] . Interestingly, even spontaneous ‘thoughts’ could activate the critical mass of epileptogenic neurons, which could provide an explanation of how reflex seizures could be triggered by a memory recall.…”

Section: Reflex Epilepsy—seizures Triggered By Memoriesmentioning

confidence: 66%

Epileptic seizures and link to memory processes

Das

Luczak

2022

AIMSN

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<abstract> <p>Epileptogenesis is a complex and not well understood phenomenon. Here, we explore the hypothesis that epileptogenesis could be “hijacking” normal memory processes, and how this hypothesis may provide new directions for epilepsy treatment. First, we review similarities between the hypersynchronous circuits observed in epilepsy and memory consolidation processes involved in strengthening neuronal connections. Next, we describe the kindling model of seizures and its relation to long-term potentiation model of synaptic plasticity. We also examine how the strengthening of epileptic circuits is facilitated during the physiological slow wave sleep, similarly as episodic memories. Furthermore, we present studies showing that specific memories can directly trigger reflex seizures. The neuronal hypersynchrony in early stages of Alzheimer's disease, and the use of anti-epileptic drugs to improve the cognitive symptoms in this disease also suggests a connection between memory systems and epilepsy. Given the commonalities between memory processes and epilepsy, we propose that therapies for memory disorders might provide new avenues for treatment of epileptic patients.</p> </abstract>

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“…The sine qua non of the seizure triggering is the existence of an epilepsy‐prone brain network to ignite a seizure that manifests the same system's functions. 2 The cortical excitability may be increased in response to exercise, thereby reducing the seizure threshold and precipitating an event via certain cortical and subcortical pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epileptic seizure induced by rapid repetitive limb movements

Zhang

et al. 2022

CNS Neurosci Ther

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Reflex seizure triggering: Learning about seizure producing systems

Cited by 16 publications

References 74 publications

Sleep and Epilepsy Link by Plasticity

Sleep and Epilepsy Link by Plasticity

Epileptic seizures and link to memory processes

Epileptic seizure induced by rapid repetitive limb movements

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