Reflex effect of skeletal muscle mechanoreceptor stimulation on the cardiovascular system

Stebbins, Charles L; Brown, Brandon M.; Levin, David L.; Longhurst, John C.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1539

Cited by 171 publications

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“…Indeed, passive stretch of the hindlimb triceps surae muscle increased HR by 6 -11 beats/min and MAP by 14 -46 mmHg in anesthetized (27)(28)(29)39) or decerebrate cats (33); passive stretch of the forelimb triceps brachii muscle increased HR by 16 beats/min and MAP by 38 mmHg in anesthetized cats (17). Moreover, passive stretch increased cardiac sympathetic efferent nerve activity by ϳ40 -50% (29,33) and renal sympathetic efferent nerve activity by ϳ20% (27,28) in anesthetized or decerebrate cats and decreased cardiac vagal efferent nerve activity by ϳ30% (33).…”

Section: Stimulation Of Mechanosensitive Afferents Causes Increases Imentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We have reported that cardiac and renal sympathetic efferent nerve activities abruptly increase immediately before or at the onset of voluntary muscle excursion, suggesting that central command has a predominant role in regulating the cardiovascular system during exercise (23)(24)(25). On the other hand, passive mechanical stretch of skeletal muscle, which is assumed to predominantly stimulate mechanoreceptors, increases HR, AP, and respiration in anesthetized animals and humans (8,39). Furthermore, passive stretch increases cardiac and renal sympathetic nerve activities (27)(28)(29) but decreases cardiac parasympathetic nerve activity (33).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gadolinium does not blunt the cardiovascular responses at the onset of voluntary static exercise in cats: a predominant role of central command

Matsukawa¹,

Nakamoto²,

Inomoto³

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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The cardiovascular adaptation at the onset of voluntary static exercise is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Two neural mechanisms are responsible for the cardiovascular adaptation: one is central command descending from higher brain centers, and the other is a muscle mechanosensitive reflex from activation of mechanoreceptors in the contracting muscles. To examine which mechanism played a major role in producing the initial cardiovascular adaptation during static exercise, we studied the effect of intravenous administration of gadolinium (55 mol/kg), a blocker of stretch-activated ion channels, on the increases in heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at the onset of voluntary static exercise (pressing a bar with a forelimb) in conscious cats. HR increased by 31 Ϯ 5 beats/min and MAP increased by 15 Ϯ 1 mmHg at the onset of voluntary static exercise. Gadolinium affected neither the baseline values nor the initial increases of HR and MAP at the onset of exercise, although the peak force applied to the bar tended to decrease to 65% of the control value before gadolinium. Furthermore, we examined the effect of gadolinium on the reflex responses in HR and MAP (18 Ϯ 7 beats/min and 30 Ϯ 6 mmHg, respectively) during passive mechanical stretch of a forelimb or hindlimb in anesthetized cats. Gadolinium significantly blunted the passive stretch-induced increases in HR and MAP, suggesting that gadolinium blocks the stretch-activated ion channels and thereby attenuates the reflex cardiovascular responses to passive mechanical stretch of a limb. We conclude that the initial cardiovascular adaptation at the onset of voluntary static exercise is predominantly induced by feedforward control of central command descending from higher brain centers but not by a muscle mechanoreflex. muscle mechanosensitive receptors; stretch-activated ion channels; mechanical stretch of skeletal muscle; exercise pressor reflex; conscious cats

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Section: Stimulation Of Mechanosensitive Afferents Causes Increases Imentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gadolinium does not blunt the cardiovascular responses at the onset of voluntary static exercise in cats: a predominant role of central command

Matsukawa¹,

Nakamoto²,

Inomoto³

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…For example, external compressions applied to skeletal muscle produce a small increase in blood pressure in animal models. 25 In humans, thigh occlusion to suprasystolic pressure contributes to the elevated mean arterial pressure presumably through the stimulation of mechanoreceptor afferents. 26 In addition to cuff inflation itself, different cuff position 27 and the duration of occlusion 28 can induce different hyperaemic response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of blood pressure cuff inflation rates on flow-mediated dilatation and contralateral arm response

et al. 2011

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Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is widely used as an index of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilator function, yet its methodology has not been well established. Previous research indicates that a rapid inflation of a blood pressure cuff evokes systemic vasoconstriction, as it was observed even on non-occluded contralateral arm. This would potentially contribute to the variability of FMD readings and complicate the emerging evidence that nonoccluded contralateral arm fingertip temperature responses during the FMD procedure may be an indicator of the presence of coronary artery disease. To test the hypotheses that rapid inflation of a blood pressure cuff could reduce FMD values and influence contralateral vasodilatory states, 33 apparently healthy adults (18 males and 15 females, 29 ± 6 years) were studied in two randomized FMD trials. The blood flow-occluding cuff was inflated rapidly (o1 s) in one trial or slowly over 10 s in the other trial. Arterial diameter, fingertip temperature and infrared thermography were obtained throughout each session. FMD values were not different between the rapid and slow cuff inflation trials (5.9 ± 0.6 vs 5.9 ± 0.4%). There were no differences in reactive hyperaemia (6.4 ± 1.6 vs 6.2 ± 1.7 AU), shear stress (80 ± 20 vs 77 ± 17 dyn cm À2 ) and fingertip temperature rebound (TR; 1.8±1.2 vs 1.9±1.0 1C) between the rapid and slow inflation. Changes in finger temperature on the contralateral (non-occluded) arm were positively associated with those on the occluded arm (r ¼ 0.26 to 0.61, Po0.05). We concluded that rates of inflating a blood pressure cuff do not affect FMD and TR response, and that neurovascularinduced vasodilatation of the contralateral arm was not observed regardless of cuff inflation rates.

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“…This is because passive muscle stretch is a maneuver to selectively excite mechanically sensitive muscle afferents, thereby allowing us to focus on roles for the muscle mechanoreflex. It was demonstrated in anesthetized cats that the blood pressure was reflexly elevated by passively stretching the triceps surae muscles, which did not generate any muscle metabolites 42) . Subsequent electrophysiological studies demonstrated stimulation of mechanically sensitive group III muscle afferents 43) , cardiac 39) and renal 40) SNA increases, as well as vagal withdrawal 44) , in response to muscle stretch in anesthetized or decerebrate cats.…”

Section: Exercise Pressor Reflex Arcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise pressor reflex in health and diseases: Animal studies

Koba

2015

JPFSM

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A reflex originating in exercising skeletal muscle contributes to sympathoexcitation during exercise. This muscle-based reflex is termed the exercise pressor reflex (EPR). In this review, mechanisms underlying activation of the EPR are examined based on findings mainly obtained from cat studies. Specifically, roles played by chemical and mechanical stimuli due to contraction in increasing discharges of muscle afferent fibers are discussed. Roles metabolic byproducts play in stimulating and sensitizing muscle afferents are also examined. Central cardiovascular sites involved in activation of the EPR are investigated. In this review, moreover, mechanisms by which the EPR function becomes abnormal in heart failure and hypertension are discussed on the basis of experimental data mainly provided by rat studies. In heart failure, the muscle metaboreflex is attenuated while the mechanoreflex is enhanced. In hypertension, both the muscle metabo-and mechano-reflexes are enhanced. Peripheral factors leading to EPR dysfunction in these pathological conditions are examined.

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Reflex effect of skeletal muscle mechanoreceptor stimulation on the cardiovascular system

Cited by 171 publications

References 0 publications

Gadolinium does not blunt the cardiovascular responses at the onset of voluntary static exercise in cats: a predominant role of central command

Gadolinium does not blunt the cardiovascular responses at the onset of voluntary static exercise in cats: a predominant role of central command

Impact of blood pressure cuff inflation rates on flow-mediated dilatation and contralateral arm response

Exercise pressor reflex in health and diseases: Animal studies

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