Reflex cardiovascular responses to lung inflation: A review

Looga, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0034-5687(97)00049-2

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Inflation of the lung inhibits further inspiration, a response termed the 'Hering-Breuer reflex' (Widdicombe, 2006). This response is associated with cardiovascular reflexes in which lung inflation promotes an increase in heart rate through a decrease in vagal nerve activity to the heart (Looga, 1997;Shepherd, 1981). These responses are intact in phocid seals and represent a vagal Fig.…”

Section: Parasympathetic-sympathetic Tone During Divesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate regulation in diving sea lions: the vagus nerve rules

Ponganis

McDonald

Tift

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent publications have emphasized the potential generation of morbid cardiac arrhythmias secondary to autonomic conflict in diving marine mammals. Such conflict, as typified by cardiovascular responses to cold water immersion in humans, has been proposed to result from exercise-related activation of cardiac sympathetic fibers to increase heart rate, combined with depth-related changes in parasympathetic tone to decrease heart rate. After reviewing the marine mammal literature and evaluating heart rate profiles of diving California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), we present an alternative interpretation of heart rate regulation that de-emphasizes the concept of autonomic conflict and the risk of morbid arrhythmias in marine mammals. We hypothesize that: (1) both the sympathetic cardiac accelerator fibers and the peripheral sympathetic vasomotor fibers are activated during dives even without exercise, and their activities are elevated at the lowest heart rates in a dive when vasoconstriction is maximal, (2) in diving animals, parasympathetic cardiac tone via the vagus nerve dominates over sympathetic cardiac tone during all phases of the dive, thus producing the bradycardia, (3) adjustment in vagal activity, which may be affected by many inputs, including exercise, is the primary regulator of heart rate and heart rate fluctuations during diving, and (4) heart beat fluctuations (benign arrhythmias) are common in marine mammals. Consistent with the literature and with these hypotheses, we believe that the generation of morbid arrhythmias because of exercise or stress during dives is unlikely in marine mammals.

show abstract

Section: Parasympathetic-sympathetic Tone During Divesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate regulation in diving sea lions: the vagus nerve rules

Ponganis

McDonald

Tift

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With nPAP levels above 10 cmH 2 O, ITP remains positive throughout the entire breathing cycle (25). Increased ITP can produce significant hemodynamic alterations (such as reductions in SV or CO), which are sensed by the carotid sinus and aortic baroreceptors, and fluctuations in cardiac filling, sensed by cardiac baroreceptors (30). Macefield (31) suggested that increasing ITP during static lung inflation maneuvers increases sympathetic activity due to unloading of baroreceptors via a reduction in cardiac filling pressures.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Changes In Hrvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During normal breathing, oscillatory changes of left ventricular stroke volume (SV) and arterial blood pressure (BP) are sensed by baroreceptors, which provoke parallel R-R interval changes by means of baroreflex physiology (27). Hemodynamic oscillations during normal (negative pressure) respiration are predominantly due to changes in intrathoracic pressure (ITP) (30). However, little is known about the effects of augmented positive ITP, which occurs with positive airway pressure (PAP) ventilation, on cardiovascular autonomic control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sequences in supine healthy volunteers subjected to nasal positive airway pressure

Valipour¹,

Schneider²,

Kössler³

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sequences in supine healthy volunteers subjected to nasal positive airway pressure. J Appl Physiol 99: [2137][2138][2139][2140][2141][2142][2143] 2005. First published July 7, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00003.2005.-To determine the dynamic effects of short-term nasal positive airway pressure (nPAP) on cardiovascular autonomic control, continuous recordings of noninvasively obtained hemodynamic measurements and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained in 10 healthy subjects during frequency-controlled breathing (between 0.20 and 0.24 Hz) in supine posture under different pressures of nPAP ranging from 3 to 20 cmH 2O. HRV was assessed using spectral analysis of the R-R interval. The slope of the regression line between spontaneous systolic blood pressure and pulse interval changes was taken as an index of the sensitivity of arterial baroreflex modulation of heart rate (sequence method). Application of nPAP resulted in a pressure-dependent decrease of cardiac output and stroke volume (P Ͻ 0.05, ANOVA) and in an increase in total peripheral resistance (P Ͻ 0.03, ANOVA). Hemodynamic changes under increasing nPAP were accompanied by a decrease in total power of HRV despite mean R-R interval remaining unchanged. The overall decrease in HRV was accompanied by a reduction across all frequency bands when absolute units were used (P Ͻ 0.01). When the power of low frequency and high frequency was calculated in normalized units, a diminished high frequency and an increased low-to-high frequency ratio were observed (P Ͻ 0.05). Compared with low levels of nPAP, pressure levels of Ͼ10 cmH 2O were associated with a significant decline in the mean slope of spontaneous baroreceptor sequences (P Ͻ 0.04). These findings indicate that short-term administration of nPAP in normal subjects exerts significant alterations in R-R interval variability and spontaneous baroreflex modulation of heart rate. cardiac output; cardiovascular autonomic control; heart-lung interaction RESPIRATION SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCES autonomic cardiovascular control (12). During normal breathing, oscillatory changes of left ventricular stroke volume (SV) and arterial blood pressure (BP) are sensed by baroreceptors, which provoke parallel R-R interval changes by means of baroreflex physiology (27). Hemodynamic oscillations during normal (negative pressure) respiration are predominantly due to changes in intrathoracic pressure (ITP) (30). However, little is known about the effects of augmented positive ITP, which occurs with positive airway pressure (PAP) ventilation, on cardiovascular autonomic control. The application of PAP, both invasively or noninvasively, increases ITP and may result in a reduction in cardiac filling pressures (23,29,37,43). A reduction in cardiac filling pressures associated with PAP (or positive end-expiratory pressure) may induce a compensatory increase in vascular resistance to maintain systemic arterial pressure in the face of a reduced cardiac output (CO) (5, 41). The increase in...

show abstract

“…Increased intrathoracic pressure application can produce significant hemodynamic alterations, such as a reduction in venous return and stroke volume with a tendency to decrease cardiac output 9,22. These hemodynamic alterations are then sensed by the carotid sinus and aortic baroreceptors, and the fluctuations in the cardiac filling are sensed by cardiac receptors 13. Cardiopulmonary receptors represent another group of baroreceptors that regulate sympathetic outflow 23.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These baroreceptors provoke parallel R-R interval (R-Ri) changes by means of baroreflex physiology 11,12. In addition, hemodynamic oscillations during normal (negative pressure) respiration are predominantly due to changes in intrathoracic pressure 13. In this context, the alterations caused by NiPPV application can also produce physiological responses in cardiac beat intervals and influence the autonomic neural control of heart rate (HR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Application of Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Influences the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System

Pantoni

Mendes

Thommazo

et al. 2009

Clinics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

INTRODUCTIONNoninvasive positive pressure has been used to treat several diseases. However, the physiological response of the cardiac autonomic system during bilevel positive airway pressure (Bilevel) remains unclear.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the heart rate variability (HRV) during Bilevel in young healthy subjects.METHODSTwenty men underwent 10-minute R-R interval recordings during sham ventilation (SV), Bilevel of 8–15 cmH2O and Bilevel of 13–20 cmH2O. The HRV was analyzed by means of the parallel R-R interval (mean R-Ri), the standard deviation of all R-Ri (SDNN), the root mean square of the squares of the differences between successive R-Ri (rMSSD), the number of successive R-Ri pairs that differ by more than 50 milliseconds (NN50), the percentage of successive R-Ri that differ by more than 50 milliseconds (pNN50), the low frequency (LF), the high frequency (HF) and SD1 and SD2. Additionally, physiological variables, including blood pressure, breathing frequency and end tidal CO2, were collected. Repeated-measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used to assess the differences between the three studied conditions and the relationships between the delta of Bilevel at 13–20 cmH2O and sham ventilation of the HRV indexes and the physiological variables, respectively.RESULTSThe R-Ri mean, rMSSD, NN50, pNN50 and SD1 were reduced during Bilevel of 13–20 cmH2O as compared to SV. An R-Ri mean reduction was also observed in Bilevel of 13–20 cmH2O compared to 8–15 cmH2O. Both the R-Ri mean and HF were reduced during Bilevel of 8–15 cmH2O as compared to SV, while the LF increased during application of Bilevel of 8–15 cmH2O as compared to SV. The delta (between Bilevel at 13–20 cmH2O and sham ventilation) of ETCO2 correlated positively with LF, HF, the LF/HF ratio, SDNN, rMSSD and SD1. Acute application of Bilevel was able to alter the cardiac autonomic nervous system, resulting in a reduction in parasympathetic activity and an increase in sympathetic activity and higher level of positive pressure can cause a greater influence on the cardiovascular and respiratory system.

show abstract

Reflex cardiovascular responses to lung inflation: A review

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Heart rate regulation in diving sea lions: the vagus nerve rules

Heart rate regulation in diving sea lions: the vagus nerve rules

Heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sequences in supine healthy volunteers subjected to nasal positive airway pressure

Acute Application of Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Influences the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About