Reflective and impulsive reactions in ADHD subtypes

Schwenck, Christina; Schmiedeler, Sandra; Zenglein, Yvonne; Renner, Tobias; Romanos, Marcel; Jans, Th.; Schneider, Wolfgang; Warnke, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s12402-009-0002-6

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Barkley’s findings is supported by several other studies which show that ADHD-C is accompanied by more serious impairment than ADHD-PI. 58 Therefore, the ADHD-C and the ADHD-PI presentations seemed to have more difficulty in planning ahead than the ADHD-HI and the non-ADHD comparison group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children

Boshomane

Pillay

Meyer

2020

South African Journal of Psychiatry

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a cognitive or behavioural developmental disorder. Inattentiveness, overactivity and impulsivity are regarded as the main clinical symptoms of ADHD. These symptoms may occur together or separately resulting in three recognised presentations: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive–impulsive and combined presentations.Aim: This study investigated deficiencies in behavioural planning in South African primary school children with and without ADHD.Setting: Tzaneen area in Limpopo province, South Africa.Methods: A total of 156 children (78 with ADHD and 78 matched controls without ADHD) of both genders, who were medication naïve and aged 6–15 years, participated in the study. The performance of the two groups was compared on a test of planning and problem-solving, the Tower of London (ToL) task. The results were analysed as a function of gender, age and ADHD presentation.Results: Children with ADHD especially ADHD-PI and ADHD-C used significantly more moves and took a longer time to complete the task than the controls (p 0.001). There were no significant differences in the number of moves and time taken by the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentations of ADHD when compared to the controls. Gender and age did not influence the performance.Conclusion: The results showed that children with ADHD showed significantly more deficits mainly the ADHD-PI and ADHD-C presentations, which indicates that inattention is mainly responsible for deficiencies in behaviour planning. The ADHD-HI presentations and the control group were not affected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Children with ADHD usually are hasty and disorderly when they plan behaviour. 58 They have a compromised learning ability at school, which makes it difficult for them to apply new skills. It is essential that teachers and parents recognise children with ADHD early so that they can provide appropriate and effective intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children

Boshomane

Pillay

Meyer

2020

South African Journal of Psychiatry

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“…Considerable research has suggested that schoolchildren with ADHD showed difficulties in neuropsychological domains including executive function (EF) and non-EF in response inhibition, working memory, planning, delay aversion, expressive language, and sustained attention. [ 2 3 4 ] However, few researches have examined whether neuropsychological weakness demonstrates different styles in the ADHD presentations identified early in the preschool period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Profile Related with Executive Function of Chinese Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Zhang

Shuai

Jin-song

et al. 2018

Chinese Medical Journal

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Background:Previous studies have found that schoolchildren with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) showed difficulties in neuropsychological function. This study aimed to assess neuropsychological function in Chinese preschoolers with ADHD using broad neuropsychological measures and rating scales and to test whether the pattern and severity of neuropsychological weakness differed among ADHD presentations in preschool children.Methods:The 226 preschoolers (163 with ADHD and 63 controls) with the age of 4–5 years were included and assessed using the Behavior Rating Scale of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) and a series of tests to investigate neuropsychological function.Results:Preschoolers with ADHD showed higher scores in all domains of the BRIEF-P (inhibition: 30.64 ± 5.78 vs.20.69 ± 3.86, P < 0.001; shift: 13.40 ± 3.03 vs.12.41 ± 2.79, P = 0.039; emotional control:15.10 ± 3.53 vs.12.20 ± 2.46, P < 0.001; working memory: 28.41 ± 4.99 vs.20.95 ± 4.60, P < 0.001; plan/organize: 17.04 ± 3.30 vs.13.29 ± 2.40, P < 0.001) and lower scores of Statue (23.18 ± 7.84 vs.28.27 ± 3.18, P = 0.001), Word Generation (15.22 ± 6.52 vs.19.53 ± 7.69, P = 0.025), Comprehension of Instructions (14.00 ± 4.44 vs.17.02 ± 3.39, P = 0.016), Visuomotor Precision (P < 0.050), Toy delay (P = 0.048), and Matrices tasks (P = 0.011), compared with normal control. In terms of the differences among ADHD subtypes, all ADHD presentations had higher scores in several domains of the BRIEF-P (P < 0.001), and the ADHD-combined symptoms (ADHD-C) group had the poorest ratings on inhibition and the ability to Plan/Organize. For neuropsychological measures, the results suggested that the ADHD-C group had poorer performances than the ADHD-predominantly inattentive symptoms (ADHD-I) group on Statue tasks (F = 7.34, η2 = 0.12, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive symptoms group had significantly poorer performances compared to the ADHD-C group in the Block Construction task (F = 4.89, η2 = 0.067, P = 0.003). However, no significant group differences were found between the ADHD-I group and normal control.Conclusion:Based on the combined evaluation of performance-based neuropsychological tests and the BRIEF-P, preschoolers with ADHD show difficulties of neuropsychological function in many aspects.

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