Reflections on the Pharmacist-Patient Covenant

Haddad, Amy

doi:10.5688/ajpe6806

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Building a committed relationship cannot occur at a distance. The pharmacist-patient relationship has changed over the past 30 years from one in which pharmacists focused solely on filling prescriptions without questioning a physician's order to one in which pharmacists recommend drug therapy to prescribers and offer personalized advice to patients on how to maximize the benefits of their medication [ 25 ]. In addition, by its very nature, pharmaceutical care is an iterative and ongoing process, as long as the patient has unresolved medication-related problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Era of Pharmacists in Ambulatory Patient Care

Mohiuddin

2019

Innov Pharm

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Ambulatory care pharmacy practice is defined as the provision of integrated, accessible healthcare services by pharmacists who are accountable for addressing medication needs, developing sustained partnerships with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. This is accomplished through direct patient care and medication management for ambulatory patients, long-term relationships, coordination of care, patient advocacy, wellness and health promotion, triage and referral, and patient education and self-management. The ambulatory care pharmacists may work in both an institutional and community-based clinic involved in direct care of a diverse patient population. A variety of specialty clinics are available for allergy and immunology, pulmonology, endocrinology, cardiology, nephrology, neurology, behavioral health, and infectious disease. Such services for this population may exist as a primary care clinic or an independent specialty clinic, typically in a PCMH, which is instrumental in coordinating care between various providers. Once a practice site is identified, it is important to establish a strong, trusting, and mutually beneficial relationship with the various decision-makers (e.g., administrators, providers) involved with the clinic. If pharmacy services are currently in existence, the pharmacy director may be able to identify and initially contact the appropriate person. If another pharmacist is providing clinical services, this person would be a resource to help determine areas for expansion of patient care and to whom to direct the proposed business plan. Additional individuals to consider as an initial point of contact include the clinic manager, clinic medical director, or administrative assistant to either of these persons. If the clinic setting is affiliated with a medical school, it may be necessary to contact the Department of Family Medicine head. Article Type: Commentary

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Era of Pharmacists in Ambulatory Patient Care

Mohiuddin

2019

Innov Pharm

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“…Particularly, the hospital pharmacists play an increasingly important role in improving medication adherence, the role of which includes assessing medication adherence, identifying predisposing factors, providing consultations, and recommending targeted medication adherence strategies. The patients' medication adherence is inevitably correlated with the performance of pharmacists, 5,6 while it may also be dominated by their own social and psychological factors. Some pharmacists fail to fulfill the responsibilities expected by patients, resulting in patients' dissatisfaction with the attitude and behavior of pharmacists in pharmaceutical service, which may exert an adverse effect on the medication adherence of patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Correlation Between Patients’ Medication Adherence and Their Psychological Contract with Hospital Pharmacists</p>

Mu¹,

Yin²,

He³

et al. 2020

PPA

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Objective: To investigate the correlation between patients' medication adherence and their psychological contract with hospital pharmacists under the background of the pharmacistpatient relationship, providing a reference for improving the pharmacist-patient relationship and the patients' medication adherence based on the patients' psychological contract with the hospital pharmacists. Materials and Methods: Some of the patients who received medication dispensing service at the outpatient pharmacies at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were included and investigated as follows: 320 patients were included through the convenient sampling method for psychological contract and medication adherence questionnaire survey with the self-designed scales for patients' psychological contract with the hospital pharmacists and their medication adherence. SPSS 17.0 was used for reliability and validity testing, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The average score of the psychological contract was 3.80±0.59. The average score of the patients' medication adherence was 2.93±0.70. The patients' psychological contract with the pharmacists and its dimensions (the responsibility of competence, the responsibility of service, and the responsibility of humanistic care) were positively correlated with medication adherence (P<0.05). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the effect of patients' psychological contract with the pharmacists on medication adherence was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Outpatients' psychological contract with the pharmacists is positively correlated with their medication adherence. Maintaining the patients' psychological contract with the pharmacists may be an effective way to improve medication adherence.

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“…48 However, once pharmacists enter the profession, the current community practice environment may present significant barriers to achieving the ideals of code-postulated covenantal relationships. 49 The barriers may include frequently incomplete patient information, absence of time and privacy, and patients’ misunderstanding of pharmacist’s expertise—all coupled with a multitude of time-consuming demands on the pharmacist’s time from prescribers, insurers, manufacturers, and regulators. 49 A rare pharmacist practicing in a high-paced chain community pharmacy setting can acknowledge that they achieve ideal pharmacist-patient covenantal relationships with every patient.…”

Section: Data Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…49 The barriers may include frequently incomplete patient information, absence of time and privacy, and patients’ misunderstanding of pharmacist’s expertise—all coupled with a multitude of time-consuming demands on the pharmacist’s time from prescribers, insurers, manufacturers, and regulators. 49 A rare pharmacist practicing in a high-paced chain community pharmacy setting can acknowledge that they achieve ideal pharmacist-patient covenantal relationships with every patient. Besides, a recent study in Canada examining professional self-identification of pharmacists found that, unlike physicians, when pharmacists were patients or caregivers to the family members, they rarely disclosed their professional backgrounds or attempted to actively participate in and discuss the care being provided.…”

Section: Data Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking Back at US Pharmacy’s Past to Help Discern Its Future

Shcherbakova

Desselle

2020

Ann Pharmacother

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Objective: To review specific literature that aimed to predict the future of US pharmacy, beginning in the late 1980s. Data Sources: Articles were identified from searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and references of relevant articles. The following combinations of search terms were used: future, pharmacy, prediction, and forecast. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) full-text commentary, review, or original research and (2) focused predominantly on the pharmacy in the United States. Data on predictions for the future of pharmacy were extracted. Data Synthesis: We selected 3 articles published between 1988 and 2006, with each aiming to project the future for the following decade. We examined each prediction in light of the current knowledge. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Educators, practitioners, and other stakeholders should consider reflecting on the changes in pharmacy for the past 3 decades and applying both historical and emerging trends to improve patient care and sustain practice in the third decade of the 21st century and beyond. Conclusion: Most of the predictions for the future of pharmacy from the past 3 decades materialized, with some still in progress (reimbursement for pharmacy services), whereas others manifested in unexpected ways (transition from shortage to excess of pharmacists). Current forces shaping pharmacy include, but are not limited to, growing spending and use of specialty drugs, automation of pharmacy operations, growth of pharmacy in the digital health enterprise, and growing consumer interest in the use of analytical pharmacy that tests drugs before dispensing.

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Reflections on the Pharmacist-Patient Covenant

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

The New Era of Pharmacists in Ambulatory Patient Care

The New Era of Pharmacists in Ambulatory Patient Care

<p>Correlation Between Patients’ Medication Adherence and Their Psychological Contract with Hospital Pharmacists</p>

Looking Back at US Pharmacy’s Past to Help Discern Its Future

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