Reflections on the Ocular Surface: Summary of the Presentations at the 4th Coronis Foundation Ophthalmic Symposium Debate: “A Multifactorial Approach to Ocular Surface Disorders” (August 31 2021)

The Effect of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid and Latanoprost Eyedrops on Tear Functions and Ocular Surface Status in C57/BL6 Mice

“…Hyaluronic acid (HA) eye drops have been reported to have muco-protective and anti-inflammatory effects in in vivo animal and human studies [ 31 ]. HA reduces the OS friction from the blinks and influence aqueous retention.…”

“…HA reduces the OS friction from the blinks and influence aqueous retention. The higher the molecular weight of HA, the higher the viscosity attained at the ocular surface when the shear rate becomes small, i.e., vHMWHA eye drops should have a greater stabilizing effect on the tear film during eye opening [ 31 ]. The effect of HA on the immune response also depends on its MW, and vHMWHA is known for its remarkable anti-inflammatory effects.…”

“…The binding of HA to cellular hyaladherins depends on the molecular weight. The higher the MW of HA, the stronger the binding [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. HMWHA also induces antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects, all of which might explain the less vital stainings, better goblet cell densities, higher ZO-1 mRNA expression, and less ocular surface and tear film inflammation in the CS + LP group compared with the solitary LP group.…”

Therapeutic Aqueous Humor Concentrations of Latanoprost Attained in Rats by Administration in a Very-High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drop

“…Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major carbohydrate component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and a high-molecular-weight glycosaminoglycan that is widely distributed throughout the body. High-molecular-weight HA (HiHA: 1.5-1.7 MDa, intrinsic viscosity 2.5-<2.9 m 3 /kg) and very HiHA (vHiHA: ≥1.8 MDa, intrinsic viscosity ≥ 2.9 m 3 /kg) [10,11] Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 523 2 of 10 have anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects that are associated with their antiangiogenic and immunosuppressive properties, and they are widely used in the treatment of dry eye [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. These studies suggest that when an anti-glaucoma medication like LP is combined with a vHiHA-containing vehicle, IOP may be decreased with only minor effects on the ocular surface.…”

The Influence of Tear Film Quality on Visual Function

“…Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent multifactorial eye condition caused by insufficient tear production or excessive tear evaporation [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. It can lead to damage of the eye surface with symptoms such as irritation, redness, itchiness, dryness, fatigue, and foreign body sensation [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. DED is a significant public health concern and one of the leading causes of seeking ophthalmological care [ 5 , 7 ].…”