Reflections on the Gene Patent War: The Myriad Battle, Sputnik and Beyond

Caulfield, Timothy

doi:10.1373/clinchem.2011.162313

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…He characterized this wealth- and job-creation plea as 'our generation's Sputnik moment' [31,32]. President Obama's initiative is multi-faceted but seeks to boost overall innovation and entrepreneurship in America by encouraging private investment in startups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the data on the impact of patents is equivocal (there is, for example, little solid research that shows a clear 'anti-commons' effect [32,69,70], research gives teeth to the concern that commercialization pressure hurts open scientific collaboration [71]. One recent study concluded that industry sponsorship of university research 'jeopardizes public disclosure of academic research' [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Open science versus commercialization: a modern research conflict?

2012

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BackgroundEfforts to improve research outcomes have resulted in genomic researchers being confronted with complex and seemingly contradictory instructions about how to perform their tasks. Over the past decade, there has been increasing pressure on university researchers to commercialize their work. Concurrently, they are encouraged to collaborate, share data and disseminate new knowledge quickly (that is, to adopt an open science model) in order to foster scientific progress, meet humanitarian goals, and to maximize the impact of their research.DiscussionWe present selected guidelines from three countries (Canada, United States, and United Kingdom) situated at the forefront of genomics to illustrate this potential policy conflict. Examining the innovation ecosystem and the messages conveyed by the different policies surveyed, we further investigate the inconsistencies between open science and commercialization policies.SummaryCommercialization and open science are not necessarily irreconcilable and could instead be envisioned as complementary elements of a more holistic innovation framework. Given the exploratory nature of our study, we wish to point out the need to gather additional evidence on the coexistence of open science and commercialization policies and on its impact, both positive and negative, on genomics academic research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open science versus commercialization: a modern research conflict?

2012

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“…The case of these two genes illustrates how the biology requires that more legal work to be done for DNA to be turned into an object that can be patented. It is only under certain conditions and with considerable difficulty that informatic practises can be identified with DNA that has stable chemical properties Caulfield 2011 ). Hence, there will be patents and there will be patent controversies to be settled, as more legal work will be needed to separate DNA as a composition of matter from DNA as an informatic entity.…”

Section: Exchanging Dna As Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recoding Life

Tamminen¹,

Deibel²

2018

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This book addresses the unprecedented convergence between the digital and the corporeal in the life sciences and turns to Foucault's biopolitics in order to understand how life is being turned into a technological object. It examines a wide range of bioscientific knowledge practices that allow life to be known through codes that can be shared (copied), owned (claimed, and managed) and optimised (remade through codes based on standard language and biotech engineering visions). The book's approach is captured in the title, which refers to 'the biopolitical'. The authors argue that through discussions of political theories of sovereignty and related geopolitical conceptions of nature and society, we can understand how crucially important it is that life is constantly unsettling and disrupting the established and familiar ordering of the material world and the related ways of thinking and acting politically. The biopolitical dynamics involved are conceptualised as the 'metacode of life', which refers to the shifting configurations of living materiality and the merging of conventional boundaries between the natural and artificial, the living and non-living. The result is a globalising world in which the need for an alternative has become a core part of its political and legal instability, and the authors identify a number of possible alternative platforms to understand life and the living as framed by the 'metacodes' of life. This book will appeal to scholars of science and technology studies, as well as scholars of the sociology, philosophy, and anthropology of science, who are seeking to understand social and technical heterogeneity as a characteristic of the life sciences.

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“…In the US, which has a long history of commercializing university research [28,29], the heightened pressure to work with industry is perhaps best exemplified by President Obama's 2011 State of the Union address where he unveiled his 'Startup America' initiative [30] and called upon the research community to help stimulate the economy [31]. He characterized this wealthand job-creation plea as 'our generation's Sputnik moment' [31,32]. President Obama's initiative is multifaceted but seeks to boost overall innovation and entrepreneurship in America by encouraging private investment in startups.…”

Section: Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences Research Council (Bbsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the question of irreconcilability, more than a few scholars have suggested that the pressure on researchers to obtain IP rights, a by-product of the commercialization instruction, conflicts directly with the idea of free exchange of scientific knowledge [68]. While the data on the impact of patents is equivocal (there is, for example, little solid research that shows a clear 'anti-commons' effect [32,69,70], research gives teeth to the concern that commercialization pressure hurts open scientific collaboration [71]. One recent study concluded that industry sponsorship of university research 'jeopardizes public disclosure of academic research' [72].…”

Section: A Policy Conflict?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Open science versus commercialization: a modern research conflict?

2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Efforts to improve research outcomes have resulted in genomic researchers being confronted with complex and seemingly contradictory instructions about how to perform their tasks. Over the past decade, there has been increasing pressure on university researchers to commercialize their work. Concurrently, they are encouraged to collaborate, share data and disseminate new knowledge quickly (that is, to adopt an open science model) in order to foster scientific progress, meet humanitarian goals, and to maximize the impact of their research. Discussion: We present selected guidelines from three countries (Canada, United States, and United Kingdom) situated at the forefront of genomics to illustrate this potential policy conflict. Examining the innovation ecosystem and the messages conveyed by the different policies surveyed, we further investigate the inconsistencies between open science and commercialization policies. Summary: Commercialization and open science are not necessarily irreconcilable and could instead be envisioned as complementary elements of a more holistic innovation framework. Given the exploratory nature of our study, we wish to point out the need to gather additional evidence on the coexistence of open science and commercialization policies and on its impact, both positive and negative, on genomics academic research.

show abstract

Reflections on the Gene Patent War: The Myriad Battle, Sputnik and Beyond

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Open science versus commercialization: a modern research conflict?

Open science versus commercialization: a modern research conflict?

Recoding Life

Open science versus commercialization: a modern research conflict?

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