Reflections on Prisons

Klare, Hugh J.

doi:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1963.tb01159.x

Cited by 3 publications

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“…These methods are based upon empirical formulae that involve sentence length and number of syllables. The reading ease score has demonstrated adequate validity (Klare, 1963) and has been utilized in a previous investigation of self-report measures (Berndt, Schwartz, & Kaiser, 1983). …”

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confidence: 99%

Reading level of the dissociative experiences scale

et al. 1993

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Reading difficulty values based upon the Flesch reading grade level and reading ease score (Flesch, 1949) were calculated for the 28 items of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES; Bernstein & Putnam, 1986). Item reading levels ranged from the sixth to more than the thirteenth grade. According to the reading level formula, 43% of the items required at least a high school education. The reading ease estimate suggested that only 1 item required at least 12 years of schooling. Overall, a tenth‐ to eleventh‐grade reading level was required for the entire DES. For persons with confirmed or suspected reading difficulties, interpretation of the DES should be made cautiously.

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confidence: 99%

Reading level of the dissociative experiences scale

et al. 1993

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“…His was a gradualist, reformist vision and agenda, laid out in two surveys of the prison world, Anatomy of Prison (Klare 1960) and People in Prison (Klare 1973). His hobby horses were small and local prisons, therapeutic group work, and transforming discipline officers into social caseworkers (Klare 1953(Klare , 1956(Klare , 1957(Klare , 1963. This was to be achieved less by new legislation, even less by direct attacks on the prison authorities, than by persuading Lionel Fox and Arthur Peterson, Chairmen of the Prison Commission, to implement the League's recommendations (Ryan 2003, pp.19-20).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Prison Population

Bailey

2021

Howard J Crime Justice

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In 1921 the Howard Journal recorded a steep drop in the annual number of prisoners received into prison over the past decade. We now know that this abatement of imprisonment was but part of a remarkable, 60‐year period of ‘decarceration’ between 1880 and 1939. Yet we also know that the daily average population of prisoners rose from 11,000 in the late 1930s to 84,000 in 2008, and still hovers around the 80,000 mark today. This article explores the rise in the prison population over the last century in five stages of ascent, in conjunction with the sentencing and penal policy, and Howard League for Penal Reform advocacy, which were associated with each stage. The pressure of numbers has been the most persistent barrier to improving prison conditions and the efficacy of imprisonment. How to reverse the seemingly inexorable rise in prison population remains the key question for sentencing and penal policy.

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“…Klare greeted the reports with the charge that 'recidivist prisoners are not like ordinary workmen outside and may have special needs which the Council does not seem to have recognised'. 18 But the unqualified acceptance by press and the Home Office of the Council's Reports means that the most important questiondoes efficient work equal the best training-has gone by default. We are to have a prison industrial complex, with an industrialist at the head, organised around specialised workshops with production runs and, in intent at least, competing in both the private and public sectors.…”

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confidence: 99%