Reflections on Model Organisms in Evolutionary Developmental Biology

Love, Alan C.; Yoshida, Yoshinari

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Recent years led to the expansion of research on organisms that are studied regarding their development. This slowly overcomes previous limitations in understanding evolutionary developmental changes, which were mainly related to a lack of species (Love & Yoshida, 2019 ; Marx, 2021 ). Still, the number of completely decoded animal genomes is limited (Dunn & Ryan, 2015 ), which will likely change following global initiatives such as the Earth Biogenome Project (Lewin et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Marine animal evolutionary developmental biology—Advances through technology development

Stracke

Hejnol

2023

Evolutionary Applications

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Evolutionary developmental biology, the interdisciplinary effort of illuminating the conserved similarities and differences during animal development across all phylogenetic clades, has gained renewed interest in the past decades. As technology (immunohistochemistry, next‐generation sequencing, advanced imaging, and computational resources) has advanced, so has our ability of resolving fundamental hypotheses and overcoming the genotype–phenotype gap. This rapid progress, however, has also exposed gaps in the collective knowledge around the choice and representation of model organisms. It has become clear that evo‐devo requires a comparative, large‐scale approach including marine invertebrates to resolve some of the most urgent questions about the phylogenetic positioning and character traits of the last common ancestors. Many invertebrates at the base of the tree of life inhabit marine environments and have been used for some years due to their accessibility, husbandry, and morphology. Here, we briefly review the major concepts of evolutionary developmental biology and discuss the suitability of established model organisms to address current research questions, before focussing on the importance, application, and state‐of‐the‐art of marine evo‐devo. We highlight novel technical advances that progress evo‐devo as a whole.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: An Expansion Of Research Organisms Is Still Necessarymentioning

confidence: 96%

Marine animal evolutionary developmental biology—Advances through technology development

Stracke

Hejnol

2023

Evolutionary Applications

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“…However, the unavailability of fossil data and embryo series for multiple species often prevents such comparisons. This is a well‐recognized challenge (Jenner, 2006), though it is commonly mitigated by comparing a model reference species to an outgroup species within the focal clade (Cordero, 2014; Love & Yoshida, 2019). Indeed, a living representative of the earliest‐branching (oldest) lineage may serve as a “proxy” ancestor (Alberch et al, 1979).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assumes that derived phenotypes in the ingroup species originated after the divergence from the last shared ancestor with the proxy reference outgroup (Fink, 1988). With some exceptions (Jenner, 2006), developmental changes observed in a reference ingroup species can be extrapolated to sister lineages that feature the same derived phenotypes (Love & Yoshida, 2019). This is particularly sensible when examining slowly evolving clades with relatively well‐described fossils, such as turtles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the correlated evolution of body size, life history, and ontogeny in miniaturized chelydroid turtles

Cordero

2021

Evolution and Development

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Organismal miniaturization is defined by a reduction in body size relative to a large ancestor. In vertebrate animals, miniaturization is achieved by suppressing the energetics of growth. However, this might interfere with reproductive strategies in egg‐laying species with limited energy budgets for embryo growth and differentiation. In general, the extent to which miniaturization coincides with alterations in animal development remains obscure. To address the interplay among body size, life history, and ontogeny, miniaturization in chelydroid turtles was examined. The analyses corroborated that miniaturization in the Chelydroidea clade is underlain by a dampening of the ancestral growth trajectory. There were no associated shifts in the early sequence of developmental transformations, though the relative duration of organogenesis was shortened in miniaturized embryos. The size of eggs, hatchlings, and adults was positively correlated within Chelydroidea. A phylogenetically broader exploration revealed an alternative miniaturization mode wherein exceptionally large hatchlings grow minimally and thus attain diminutive adult sizes. Lastly, it is shown that miniaturized Chelydroidea turtles undergo accelerated ossification coupled with a ~10% reduction in shell bones. As in other vertebrates, the effects of miniaturization were not systemic, possibly owing to opposing functional demands and tissue geometric constraints. This underscores the integrated and hierarchical nature of developmental systems.

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“…For decades, one of the models that have been introduced by the vast majority of scientists working on human diseases were model organisms, like the mouse, the rat or evolutionarily more primitive organisms like Drosophila and Xenopus and the use of immortalized human cell lines that exhibit human cellular characteristics and produce human proteins (Haberberger and others 2020; Hunter 2008; Love and Yoshida 2019; Ramboer and others 2015) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoids, Assembloids, and Novel Biotechnology: Steps Forward in Developmental and Disease-Related Neuroscience

Πανουτσόπουλος

2020

Neuroscientist

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In neuroscience research, the efforts to find the model through which we can mimic the in vivo microenvironment of a developing or defective brain have been everlasting. While model organisms are used for over a hundred years, many more methods have been introduced with immortalized or primary cell lines and later induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids to be some of these. As the use of organoids becomes more and more common by many laboratories in biology and neuroscience in particular, it is crucial to deeper understand the challenges and possible pitfalls of their application in research, many of which can be surpassed with the support of state-of-the art bioengineering solutions. In this review, after a brief chronicle of the path to the discovery of organoids, we focus on the latest approaches to study neuroscience related topics with organoids, such as the use of assembloids, CRISPR technology, patch-clamp and optogenetics techniques and discuss how modern 3-dimensional biomaterials, miniaturized bioreactors and microfluidic chips can help to overcome the disadvantages of their use.

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Reflections on Model Organisms in Evolutionary Developmental Biology

Cited by 5 publications

References 72 publications

Marine animal evolutionary developmental biology—Advances through technology development

Marine animal evolutionary developmental biology—Advances through technology development

Disentangling the correlated evolution of body size, life history, and ontogeny in miniaturized chelydroid turtles

Organoids, Assembloids, and Novel Biotechnology: Steps Forward in Developmental and Disease-Related Neuroscience

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