Reflections on Long-Term Development and Use of Automated Scoring Technology in a Sport (Modified Boxing) Context

Perkins, Paul; Helmer, Richard; Mackintosh, Colin; Hahn, Allan G.

doi:10.4236/wjet.2017.53040

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the version of modified boxing that we have been supporting, impacts to the head and neck are prohibited [48] [100]. Under this circumstance, a question may be asked as to whether gloves capable of reducing impact forces are needed.…”

Section: Are Low-impact Gloves Needed In Modified Boxing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Ability of Two Different Pneumatic Boxing Gloves to Reduce Delivered Impact Forces and Improve Safety

Perkins¹,

Jamieson²,

Spratford³

et al. 2018

WJET

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Two prototype pneumatic boxing gloves of different design were compared against conventional 10 oz (Std 10 oz) and 16 oz (Std 16 oz) gloves in terms of ability to reduce impact forces delivered to a target. One of the pneumatic gloves (SBLI) contained a sealed air bladder inflated to a pressure of 2 kPa. The other (ARLI) incorporated a bladder that allowed release of air to the external environment upon contact with a target, followed by rapid air reuptake. Each glove was placed on to a mechanical fist and dropped 10 times on to an in-floor force plate from each of nine heights ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 metres, with the 5-metre drop generating a peak pre-impact glove velocity close to the reported maximum for elite boxers. Compared to the conventional gloves, the ARLI glove substantially reduced peak impact forces at all drop heights, with the reduction exceeding 30% even at the 5-metre level. The SBLI glove was as effective as the ARLI glove in reducing peak impact forces at drop heights of up to 2.5 metres, but its performance then progressively diminished, and at drop heights of 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 metres it produced peak force readings similar to those recorded for the Std 10 oz and Std 16 oz gloves. The superiority of the ARLI glove was even more evident in relation to peak rate of force development, with reductions relative to the Std 10 oz glove being ~60% at drop heights up to 3.5 metres and still ~47% at 5 metres. Peak rate of force development for the SBLI glove exceeded that for the ARLI glove for all drop heights of 2.0 metres and above, and at 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 metres it was higher than the readings for the Std 10 oz and 16 oz gloves. The protective effect of the ARLI glove was associated with an increase in impact compliance and prolongation of contact time between glove and target.

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Section: Are Low-impact Gloves Needed In Modified Boxing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Ability of Two Different Pneumatic Boxing Gloves to Reduce Delivered Impact Forces and Improve Safety

Perkins¹,

Jamieson²,

Spratford³

et al. 2018

WJET

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“…The second author of this paper, who was then employed as a sport scientist at the AIS, had been pursuing the development of technologies to support the modified form [1], and AIS boxers and coaches had frequently assisted with field trials. In Box'Tag, impacts to the head and neck were prohibited, any impacts judged to have exceeded a moderate level of force were penalized, and use was made of automated electronic scoring technology that rewarded rapid rather than forceful punching [2].…”

Section: Background To Development Of Modified Boxing Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Youth Development through a Co-Designed Modified Boxing Program

Perkins¹,

Hahn²

2020

JSS

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A modified boxing program in which youth and adults participated together ran for almost five years at an Australian community youth club. It was initially focused on preparing participants for occasional modified boxing competitions in which impacts to the head and neck were prohibited and any forceful impacts were penalized. The Head Coach of the program initiated regular small-group and individual discussions with participants and used the outcomes to guide program iteration. The participants became co-designers of the program and therefore architects of their own sport experience. This led to substantial changes in the nature of the program, with interpersonal competition progressively de-emphasized and eventually almost entirely removed. Increased attention was directed to building a cohesive, inclusive community and engaging in cooperative endeavours that provided a shared sense of purpose. Natural adult mentors emerged, and some adolescents took on peer leadership roles. Through a partnership between the club and a local university, program participants became involved in diverse research activities aimed at program improvement. Young program participants began to anecdotally report obtaining broad-ranging benefits from the program, and these reports were subjectively corroborated by parents and natural mentors. To determine the nature of any such benefits, we examined records of discussions that the Head Coach had logged in a detailed journal over the course of the program. We targeted a purposeful sample that included six young program participants and twelve adults who had varying program connections. Thematic analysis performed on the records of discussions with the selected subjects revealed that the most common perceived benefits that young people derived from the program were increased determination, increased self-confidence How to cite this paper:

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“…Prototype low-impact gloves with additional foam added to perimeter of glove to increase protection against impacts delivered with a part of the glove other than the bladder. The white areas at the top of the gloves are electrically conductive patches that formed part of automated scoring technology used in Box' Tag [50]. To enable data for the three individuals to be included in a single analysis despite individual differences in the levels of force that could be generated, each peak force reading was converted to a percentage of the personal highest peak force reading recorded on the day, and the same procedure was adopted for pre-impact glove velocities.…”

Section: Refinement Of Highly Deformable Glovesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iterative Design of Impact-Damping Gloves for Safer Boxing

Perkins

Jamieson

Ferguson

et al. 2018

OJSST

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Design methods were employed over a 5-year period to develop boxing gloves capable of substantially buffering impact forces delivered to an opponent, thereby permitting safer boxing. Multiple concepts were explored, with sophistication of prototypes gradually increasing. The protypes underwent both quantitative laboratory testing and qualitative evaluation in the field. The laboratory testing methods were evolved over time to enhance test reliability and ecological validity. Feedback from the laboratory and field trials was highly instrumental in guiding the process of glove development. It was eventually found that, compared to standard boxing gloves, pneumatic gloves with sealed bladders were effective in reducing peak impact forces and peak rates of force development when impact magnitudes were low to moderate but not when they were high. By contrast, pneumatic gloves incorporating a bladder enabling air exchange with the external environment were protective across the entire range of impact magnitudes likely to be encountered in boxing. These gloves are configured differently from standard gloves in terms of the positioning of the fist relative to the glove padding, but now have close visual resemblance to standard gloves. The aesthetics of the gloves have proven critical to their acceptance. Wearer comfort is also vital and, although we extensively pursued the concept of thumbless gloves, we finally deemed it necessary to include separate thumb compartments to accommodate user advice. There is scope for further glove refinement, but recent experience indicates that the latest version is currently sufficient for use in modified boxing programs that emphasise safety, with such targeted contextual sufficiency realising a fundamental aim commonly associated with projects employing the design approach. Small batches of the gloves have recently been manufactured to cater for modified boxing programs.

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Reflections on Long-Term Development and Use of Automated Scoring Technology in a Sport (Modified Boxing) Context

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of Ability of Two Different Pneumatic Boxing Gloves to Reduce Delivered Impact Forces and Improve Safety

Evaluation of Ability of Two Different Pneumatic Boxing Gloves to Reduce Delivered Impact Forces and Improve Safety

Positive Youth Development through a Co-Designed Modified Boxing Program

Iterative Design of Impact-Damping Gloves for Safer Boxing

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