Reflections from 25 ft or less

Steeples, Don W.; Knapp, Ralph W.

doi:10.1190/1.1827095

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The valley floor is composed of 20 m of clay and gravel alluvium overlying alternating beds of Pennsylvanian limestones and shales, typically only a few meters thick. Previous borehole checkshot experiments conducted at this site showed the two-way traveltime for a reflection from bedrock to be 82 ms; intra-alluvial reflections have also been detected at this location (Steeples and Knapp, 1982).…”

Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Geophones on a board

et al. 1999

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We examined the feasibility of using seismic reflections to image the upper 10 m of the earth’s surface quickly and effectively by rigidly attaching geophones to a wooden board at 5-cm intervals. The shallow seismic reflection information obtained was equivalent to control‐test data gathered using classic, single‐geophone plants with identical 5-cm intervals. Tests were conducted using both a .22-caliber rifle source and a 30.06-rifle source. In both cases, the results were unexpected: in response to our use of small, high‐resolution seismic sources at offsets of a few meters, we found little intergeophone interference that could be attributed to the presence of the board. Furthermore, we noted very little difference in a 60-ms intra‐alluvial reflection obtained using standard geophone plants versus that obtained using board‐mounted geophones. For both sources, amplitude spectra were nearly identical for data gathered with and without the board. With the 30.06 source, filtering at high‐frequency passbands revealed a wave mode of unknown origin that appears to be related to the presence of the board; however, this mode did not interfere with the usefulness of the shallow‐reflection data. The results of these experiments suggest that deploying large numbers of closely spaced geophones simultaneously—perhaps even automatically—is possible. Should this method of planting geophones prove practical after further testing, the cost‐effectiveness of very shallow seismic reflection imaging may be enhanced. The technique also may be useful at greater reflector depths in situations employing bunched geophones. However, this approach may not be applicable in all circumstances because larger energy sources may induce interference between the geophones and produce undesirable modes of motion within the medium holding the geophones.

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Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Geophones on a board

et al. 1999

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“…Under favourable conditions of seismic energy transmission, reflections from depths as shallow as 5 m, have been reported (Steeples and Knapp, 1982;Doornenbal and Helbig, 1983;Jongerius and Helbig, 1988;Baker, 1999;Bachrach and Nur, 1998;Bachrach et al, 1998). Nevertheless, most of the time the feasibility of seismic reflection method to image the near-surface depends on the site conditions, and the decisive evaluation should be achieved just after the execution of the walkway noise test and wave field analysis of the characteristics of seismic response from investigated site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bedrock imaging using post-critical shallow seismic reflection data

Diogo

Diagon

Prado

2004

Journal of Applied Geophysics

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“…Since 1980, significant strides have been made in nearsurface P-wave seismic-reflection surveying (Steeples and Knapp, 1982;Hunter et al, 1984), shallow-seismic refraction methods (Palmer, 1981;Lankston, 1990), and surfacewave techniques (Song et al, 1989;Stokoe et al, 1994). Nevertheless, we have found no evidence in the literature of pertinent, refereed articles reporting successful attempts to use all three types of data simultaneously to solve near-surface geological problems.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of specifics, our work in the late 1970s (Steeples, 1979) and early 1980s (Steeples and Knapp, 1982) was carried out with an A/D conversion of only 12 bits, using 12 channels, without floating-point (i.e., gain-ranging) amplifiers. Jim Hunter and his colleagues at the Geological Survey of Canada were using 8-bit and later 10-bit A/D conversion when they developed the OWM for shallow seismic reflection (Hunter et al, 1984).…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Shallow Seismic Exploration Methods

Steeples¹,

Schmeissner²,

Macy³

1995

JEEG

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Near-surface seismic methods have developed considerably and have been applied much more widely since the 1970s. Improvements in instrumentation, along with cheaper computer power, have greatly affected the capabilities of these methods in recent years. Based on these new capabilities we offer suggestions for future research in and applications for shallow-seismic exploration methods. We present our recommendations in the context of significant developments in shallow-seismic techniques from the 1920s to the mid-1990s, concentrating on seismic reflection and, to a lesser degree, refraction and surface-wave studies. The recent advent of hardware capable of collecting as well as processing high-resolution, near-surface seismic data opens up new opportunities for three-component recording and multimode analysis.

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Reflections from 25 ft or less

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Geophones on a board

Geophones on a board

Bedrock imaging using post-critical shallow seismic reflection data

The Evolution of Shallow Seismic Exploration Methods

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