Reflection of the State of Hunger in Impulse Activity of Nose Wing Muscles and Upper Esophageal Sphincter during Search behavior in Rabbits

Abstract

Reflection of the state of hunger in impulse activity of nose wing muscles and upper esophageal sphincter muscles was studied in chronic experiments on rabbits subjected to 24-h food deprivation in the absence of locomotion and during search behavior. In the absence of apparent behavioral activity, including sniffing, alai nasi muscles of hungry rabbits constantly generated bursts of action potentials synchronous with breathing, while upper esophageal sphincter muscles exhibited regular aperiodic low-amplitude impulse activity of tonic type. Latent form of food motivation was reflected in the structure of temporal organization of impulse activity of alai nasi muscles in the form of bimodal distribution of interpulse intervals and in temporal structure of impulse activity of upper esophageal sphincter muscles in the form of monomodal distribution. The latent form of food motivation was manifested in the structure of temporal organization of periods of the action potentials burst-like rhythm, generated by alai nasi muscles, in the form of monomodal distribution, characterized by a high degree of dispersion of respiratory cycle periods. In the absence of physical activity hungry animals sporadically exhibited sniffing activity, manifested in the change from the burst-like impulse activity of alai nasi muscles to the single-burst activity type with bimodal distribution of interpulse intervals and monomodal distribution of the burst-like action potentials rhythm periods, the maximum of which was shifted towards lower values, which was the cause of increased respiratory rate. At the same time, the monomodal temporal structure of impulse activity of the upper esophageal sphincter muscles was not changed. With increasing food motivation in the process of search behavior temporal structure of periods of the burst-like action potentials rhythm, generated by alai nasi muscles, became similar to that observed during sniffing, not accompanied by animal's locomotion, which is typical for the increased respiratory rhythm frequency. Increased hunger motivation was reflected in the temporal structure of impulse activity of upper esophageal sphincter muscles in the form of a shift to lower values of the maximum of monomodal distribution of interpulse intervals on the histogram, resulting in higher impulse activity frequency. The simultaneous increase in the frequency of action potentials bursts generation by alai nasi muscles and regular impulse activity of upper esophageal sphincter muscles is a reliable criterion for enhanced food motivation during search behavior in rabbits.

Welfare of domestic birds and rabbits transported in containers

“…This increases to about 8-12% at 36-48 h. Generally, weight loss is slightly lower if fasted rabbits are allowed access to water before crating (Ouhayoun and Lebas, 1994). Kromin et al (2016) also documented behavioural responses to 24 h food deprivation showing that rabbits experience negative affective state.…”

“…Kromin et al. (2016) also documented behavioural responses to 24 h food deprivation showing that rabbits experience negative affective state.…”

“…Behavioural responses in rabbits to 24 h food deprivation include an alternation of short periods of search behaviour (4-10 min) and longer periods of rest (20-70 min) (Kromin et al, 2016). Malikova and Petrova (1998) used thermoencephaloscopy to study the distribution of brain thermal fields during thirst and hunger.…”

“…Behavioural responses in rabbits to 24 h food deprivation include an alternation of short periods of search behaviour (4–10 min) and longer periods of rest (20–70 min) (Kromin et al., 2016).…”

Stunning methods and slaughter of rabbits for human consumption

“…Behavioural responses to 24-h food deprivation include an alternation of short periods of search behaviour (4-10 min) and longer periods of relative rest (20-70 min) as indication of spontaneous fluctuations in the food motivation level (Kromin et al, 2016).…”