Reflecting Surfaces for Beyond Line-Of-Sight Coverage in Millimeter Wave Vehicular Networks

Heimann, Karsten; Marsch, Adrian; Sliwa, Benjamin; Wietfeld, Christian

doi:10.1109/vnc51378.2020.9318411

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…RIS may even be able to dynamically use a subset of their surface for beam alignment and signal reflection to achieve a flexible equilibrium between reflection gain and beamwidth [186].…”

Section: Deep Learning Viewpoint For Fast Initial Access and Reliable...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Access & Beam Alignment for mmWave and Terahertz Communications

2022

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The initial access in Millimeter wave (mmWave) 5G communications is very challenging and time consuming. In general, mmWave and terahertz communications require the use of directional antennas to seek narrow beams. However, due to this directionality, many issues can impact the beam alignment between transmitter and receiver. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of beam alignment and initial access in mmWave and terahertz 5G/6G systems. First, we present a detailed overview of initial access methods, techniques, and beam management procedures. Then, we classify recent works related to beam alignment based on their objective functions (i.e., latency, power allocation, QoS, energy consumption, cost). We also highlight the beam alignment in terahertz 6G, where we find that deep learning and reconfigurable intelligent surface are the two protagonists that help to achieve fast beam alignment.INDEX TERMS 5G/6G, mmWave, terahertz, beamforming, initial access, beam alignment, beam steering, reconfigurable intelligent surface.

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“…RIS may even be able to dynamically use a subset of their surface for beam alignment and signal reflection to achieve a flexible equilibrium between reflection gain and beamwidth [186].…”

Section: Deep Learning Viewpoint For Fast Initial Access and Reliable...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Access & Beam Alignment for mmWave and Terahertz Communications

2022

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“…In addition to [5], authors in [4] have analyzed the potentials of RIS-enabled communications in challenging vehicular environments. For providing coverage in so-called dark zone areas, which are affected by signal blocking, the authors utilize deep reinforcement learning for joint resource scheduling and passive beamforming.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RIS concept has been presented as a promising solution for beyond LOS coverage in mmWave vehicular networks in [5]. The general potential for coverage enhancement was illustrated through the simulative investigation of a vehicular application use-case using our lightweight ICT-centric mobility simulation (LIMoSim) from [14], a mobility and network co-simulation model framework with particular support for hybrid aerial and ground-based vehicular networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Hybrid Aerial and Ground-based Vehicular Communications

Heimann¹,

Sliwa²,

Patchou³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The requirements of vehicular communications grow with increasing level of automated driving and future applications of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Beside the ever-increasing need for high capacity radio links, reliability and latency constraints challenge the mobile network supply. While for example the millimeterwave spectrum and THz-bands offer a vast amount of radio resources, their applicability is limited due to delicate radio channel conditions and signal propagation characteristics. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) as part of smart radio environments (SREs) of future ITS infrastructure promise improved radio link qualities by means of purposeful cultivation of passive reflections. With this, obstructed mmWave or THz beams can be guided around obstacles through RIS reflection paths to improve the otherwise limited coverage. In this article, application use cases of RIS-enhanced vehicular communications are proposed. Beside static deployments of RISs at exterior walls of buildings, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) could provide reflection capabilities on demand, while future vehicles could -in a visionary approach -consist of meta-material allowing for their opportunistic utilization within an enriched SRE. Results of a case study based on our multi-scale mobility and network simulation model clearly highlight the potential of RIS deployment for hybrid vehicular communication scenarios. Path loss and outage percentages can be reduced considerably.

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“…This is achieved by dynamically modifying the reflection coefficients and phase shifts of each pixel. RIS in millimeter-wave vehicular communications were investigated in [ 9 , 10 ]. In [ 11 , 12 ], the potential impact and benefits of reconfigurable metasurfaces for improving the safety of next-generation vehicles were discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowering the Vehicular Network with RIS Technology: A State-of-the-Art Review

Naaz,

Nauman,

Khurshaid

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are expected to bring about a revolutionary transformation in vehicular networks, thus paving the way for a future characterized by connected and automated vehicles (CAV). An RIS is a planar structure comprising many passive elements that can dynamically manipulate electromagnetic waves to enhance wireless communication by reflecting, refracting, and focusing signals in a programmable manner. RIS exhibits substantial potential for improving vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication through various means, including coverage enhancement, interference mitigation, improving signal strength, and providing additional layers of privacy and security. This article presents a comprehensive survey that explores the emerging opportunities arising from the integration of RIS into vehicular networks. To examine the convergence of RIS and V2X communications, the survey adopted a holistic approach, thus highlighting the potential benefits and challenges of this combination. In this study, we examined several applications of RIS-aided V2X communication. Subsequently, we delve into the fundamental emerging technologies that are expected to empower vehicular networks, encompassing mobile edge computing (MEC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), millimeter-wave communication (mmWave), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and visible light communication (VLC). Finally, to stimulate further research in this domain, we emphasize noteworthy research challenges and potential avenues for future exploration.

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Reflecting Surfaces for Beyond Line-Of-Sight Coverage in Millimeter Wave Vehicular Networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Initial Access & Beam Alignment for mmWave and Terahertz Communications

Initial Access & Beam Alignment for mmWave and Terahertz Communications

Modeling and Simulation of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Hybrid Aerial and Ground-based Vehicular Communications

Empowering the Vehicular Network with RIS Technology: A State-of-the-Art Review

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