Reflectance spectroscopy of marine phytoplankton. Part 1. Optical properties as related to age and growth rate1

Kiefer, Dale A.; Olson, Robert J.; Wilson, Wayne H.

doi:10.4319/lo.1979.24.4.0664

Cited by 68 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…For the samples of Morel and Bricaud (198 1) the A,. values are between 0.2 and 0.6, whereas those of Kiefer et al (1979) were between 0.9 and 3.4. Kiefer et al assumed completely diffuse light conditions in their sample and hence expected absorption coefficients twice those in collimated light.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One likely reason, as pointed out above, would be the enhancement by opal glass placed between sample and detector. Another possible reason for overestimated absorption coefficients was suggested by Kiefer et al (1979). High cell density of samples may lead to increased diffuseness of radiance within the sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This potential source of error motivated our measurements of suspensions at low concentrations, close to those found naturally. Kiefer et al (1979) chose to measure their absorption coefficients at high concentrations, arguing that it provided a diffuse light field within the sample. A doubling of absorption coefficients in diffuse light was to be expected relative to collimated light (Kubelka 1947); therefore it should theoretically be justifiable to divide their values by two to make them comparable to other published data (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific in vivo absorption coefficient of chlorophyll a at 675 nm1

Haardt

Maske

1987

Limnology & Oceanography

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Spectral absorption of phytoplankton from cultures and natural samples was measured by means of an integrating-sphere photometer. Measurements on suspension yielded specific absorption coefficients for healthy phytoplankton cultures in collimated light at 675 nm between 0.007 and 0.0 13 m2 (mg Chl a) I. These values were independent of cell density and cell wall material.Natural samples of Kiel harbor water yielded specific absorption coefficients at 675 nm of 0.009 and 0.017 m2 (mg Chl a)-I. The specific absorption coefficients in suspension were dependent on the optical properties of the individual cells (packaging effect), decreasing (ca. l/r) with increasing cell size (r radius) and increasing chlorophyll a content per cell as predicted by theory, but are significantly lower than theoretically expected. Comparison with published values shows that specific absorption coefficients of cell suspensions are often overestimated, presumably because of methodological problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific in vivo absorption coefficient of chlorophyll a at 675 nm1

Haardt

Maske

1987

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…T h s approach is a compromise between global studies (Garver et al 1994) and specific studies on unialgal cultures or on photoadaptation in a particular location ( l e f e r et al. 1979, SooHoo et al 1986, Sathyendranath et al 1987, Takahashi et al 1989, Bidigare et al 1990, Sosik & Mitchell 1991, Johnsen et al 1994a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption coefficient of phytoplankton:regional variations in the North Atlantic

Lutz¹,

Sathyendranath²,

Head³

1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The effect of major pigments on the absorption characteristics of phytoplankton were evaluated by comparing the in vjvo absorption spectra of phytoplankton with pigment data obtained using high-performance liqu~d chromatography (HPLC) for samples of phytoplankton collected in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, during spring. Four groups of spectra having distinct absorption characteristics and well-defined regional distributions were identified. The result of using general parameters to estimate the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton from any region, the 'general approach', was compared with the result of using specific parameters for each region, or the 'regional approach' Two methods of estlrnating the absorption coefficient were tested for each approach. These were: a 'slnglepigment' method (Prieur & Sathyendranath 1981, Limnol Oceanogr 26:671-689), and a 'multi-pigment' method (Hoepffner & Sathyendranath 1991, Mar Ecol Prog Ser 73:ll-23). It was shown that the regional approach performed better (<10% average error) than the general approach (~2 0 % average error). Nevertheless, the results given by the general approach could be acceptable for some applications. The multi-pigment and the single-pigment methods performed equally well in the context of the reglonal approach, whereas in the general approach, the s~ngle-pigment method gave better results than the multi-pigment method. Overall, it appears that part~tioning the oceans into regions according to their absorption characteristics should improve regional models of light transmission and the algorithms for detection of pigments by remote sensing.

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“…Apparently the Chl-specific scattering coefficient for algae can range from as little as 0.0 1 to as much as 0.6 m2 mg-l Chl (Kiefer et al 1979;Bricaud et al 1983). Then the corresponding range of interest for bd extends from 0.23 to 43.0 (=0.73 x 60).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of absorption coefficients of scattering suspensions using opal glass

Bannister

1988

Limnology & Oceanography

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Previously, the algal absorption product (absorption coefflcicnt at wavelength X times cuvette depth) was estimated as D, -D750, the difference in optical densities of a suspension, measured against water in opal glass cuvettes. Such estimates are subject to "cuvette error" dependent on dimensions and materials of the cuvettes and to "A error" due to inadequacy of 750 nm as a reference wavelength. Monte Carlo calculations were performed to assess cuvette error; then limits of the combined cuvette and X errors were explored. With cuvettes and suspensions used previously, the combined error was usually + 10% (lo-20% at 440 nm), not 100% as supposed in a recent publication. Cuvette error is minimal in cubical cuvettes with black sidewalls, but substantial X error may still occur. Both errors arc avoided in a method using two pairs of opal cuvettes. Weidemann and Bannister (1986) and Weidemann et al. (1985) concentrated algae or lake particulates and measured absorption spectra of the suspensions against water in rectangular cuvettes with opal glass backwalls. The difference, DA -D750, between optical densities at a wavelength X in the visible and at 750 nm (where algal absorption was presumed negligible) was taken as an estimate of the product of cuvette depth (d) and the volume absorption coefficient (a) of the algae or particles at X.Values of ad determined in this way may over-or underestimate true values of the algal absorption product. There are two sources of error. One, a "cuvette error," arises from the fact that the walls of opal glass cuvettes contribute to the diffusion of light in the suspension, as a result of which average path length becomes larger than cuvette depth. The magnitude of cuvette error depends on the dimensions and materials of the cuvettes. Herein, cuvette error is defined as the factor by which DA -D,,, overestimates the absorption product, ad, when the particles and suspending medium are ascribed "ideal properties." Ideal behavior assumes that the suspending medium does not scatter, absorption by the medium is either insignificant or else independent of X, particles do not absorb at 750 nm, and particle scattering is independent of X. A second error, here called "X error," arises when properties of a suspension depart from ideal ones, D75,, then becoming an inadequate correction. Scattering by water is too weak (b < 0.0 1 m-l : Kirk 1983) to contribute to X error. The absorption coefficient of water is X-dependent, however, and rises to -2.5 m-l at 750 nm; in 25-mm cuvettes, a small but significant X error would occur. There is some evidence that the algal scattering coefficient is inversely proportional to wavelength (Kirk 1983), and some studies have indicated significant particle absorption at 740 nm (Morel and Bricaud 198 1). I shall show that a large X error can arise from particle absorption at 750 nm or X-dependent particle scattering.Weidemann and Bannister (1986) supposed that their suspensions scattered light mainly through small angles and that diffuse light scatte...

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Reflectance spectroscopy of marine phytoplankton. Part 1. Optical properties as related to age and growth rate1

Cited by 68 publications

References 11 publications

Specific in vivo absorption coefficient of chlorophyll a at 675 nm1

Specific in vivo absorption coefficient of chlorophyll a at 675 nm1

Absorption coefficient of phytoplankton:regional variations in the North Atlantic

Estimation of absorption coefficients of scattering suspensions using opal glass

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