Reflectance confocal microscopy for diagnosis of mammary and extramammary Paget’s disease

Abstract

The use of confocal microscopy is likely to facilitate earlier diagnosis of Paget's disease and the instigation of appropriate management with concomitant improvement in clinical outcomes.

Dynamic skin changes of acute radiation dermatitis revealed by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy

“…The main application of RCM is the differential diagnosis of melanocytic lesions. Nevertheless, RCM has also been used for the evaluation of several inflammatory skin conditions, such as acute contact dermatitis, 21–24 discoid lupus erythematosus, 25 psoriasis, 26 as well as for the study of other skin conditions such as mammary and extramammary Paget's disease, 27,28 lichen planus‐like keratosis, 29 sebaceous neoplasms in Muir–Torre syndrome 30 or colloid milium 31 . Its findings have been correlated with conventional histological analysis in several studies 21 .…”

Simple 3‐criteria‐based ex vivo confocal diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma

“…Within these thick tissue sections additional optical sectioning of the specimen is possible and allows the examination of the tissue without any damage . ex vivo CLSM examination has been described so far in healthy skin , melanoma , eccrine syringomatous carcinoma , mammary and extramammary Paget's disease ,squamous cell carcinoma , foreign body reactions and in ophthalmology .…”

A review of non‐invasive imaging in extramammary Paget's disease

“…Reflectance confocal microscopy currently provides the best imaging to histologic correlation in EMPD. Histological features such as Paget cells and tumour cell nests at the DEJ are frequently seen in EMPD lesions with RCM . Such findings can assist with the challenging diagnosis of EMPD and help clinicians select the best location for a biopsies, which would otherwise be performed blindly.…”

“…A case series by Guitera et al . retrospectively described the RCM features of nine EMPD cases in vivo and ex vivo . Patients were between 54 and 83 years of age, presenting with long‐standing pruritic erythematous lesions involving various sites.…”

“…18 A case series by Guitera et al retrospectively described the RCM features of nine EMPD cases in vivo and ex vivo. 19 Patients were between 54 and 83 years of age, presenting with longstanding pruritic erythematous lesions involving various sites. All cases displayed Pagetoid spread on RCM, with large Paget cells distributed either singly or in small nests.…”