Refining the Mechanism of Drug-Influenced Gingival Enlargement and Its Management

Sabarudin, Muhammad Annurdin; Taib, Haslina; Mohamad, Wan Majdiah Wan

doi:10.7759/cureus.25009

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…For this approach, the gingivectomy and/or gingivoplasty by internal/external bevel incision could be performed [20]. However, few techniques for surgical interventions can be applied, such as scalpel gingivectomy, electrosurgery and laser approaches [21,22]. Removal of DIGE was reported to be easier, less technique sensitive, and fewer complications in laser than in conventional gingivectomy [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Intervention on Drug-Influenced Gingival Enlargement using Diode Laser Therapy

Sabarudin,

Beh,

Hassan

et al. 2022

MJoSHT

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This is a clinical case describing a hypertensive female patient with a drug-influenced gingival enlargement (DIGE) on the labial and lingual gingivae of the lower anterior dentition. DIGE is attributed to the prolonged use of medications in a susceptible individual. She had undergone non-surgical periodontal therapy prior to surgical intervention for the removal of gingival enlargement (GE) using diode laser therapy. A diode laser is a type of laser widely used in dentistry. This laser therapy is a less invasive technique for the removal of GE. After 6 months of follow-up, no recurrence of GE was observed, and regular supportive periodontal therapy was adopted to sustain the gingival health. The utilization of the diode laser showed excellent predictability and clinical outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Intervention on Drug-Influenced Gingival Enlargement using Diode Laser Therapy

Sabarudin,

Beh,

Hassan

et al. 2022

MJoSHT

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“…In this context, CCBs, by reducing the absorption of folic acid by gingival fibroblasts, may lead to alterations in the metabolism of matrix metalloproteinases and the failure to activate collagenase. Consequently, there is an accumulation of collagen fibres and, thus, the development of gingival hyperplasia [178,179].…”

Section: Calcium Channel Blockers (Ccb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Drug–Nutrient Interactions and Dental Decay in Older Adults

Bell,

Rodrigues,

Antoniadou

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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In recent decades, the global demographic landscape has undergone a discernible shift that has been characterised by a progressive increase in the proportion of elderly individuals, indicative of an enduring global inclination toward extended lifespans. The aging process, accompanied by physiological changes and dietary patterns, contributes to detrimental deviations in micronutrient consumption. This vulnerable aging population faces heightened risks, including dental caries, due to structural and functional modifications resulting from insufficient nutritional sustenance. Factors such as physiological changes, inadequate nutrition, and the prevalence of multiple chronic pathologies leading to polypharmacy contribute to the challenge of maintaining an optimal nutritional status. This scenario increases the likelihood of drug interactions, both between medications and with nutrients and the microbiome, triggering complications such as dental decay and other pathologies. Since the drug industry is evolving and new types of food, supplements, and nutrients are being designed, there is a need for further research on the mechanisms by which drugs interfere with certain nutrients that affect homeostasis, exemplified by the prevalence of caries in the mouths of older adults. Infectious diseases, among them dental caries, exert serious impacts on the health and overall quality of life of the elderly demographic. This comprehensive review endeavours to elucidate the intricate interplay among drugs, nutrients, the microbiome, and the oral cavity environment, with the overarching objective of mitigating the potential hazards posed to both the general health and dental well-being of older adults. By scrutinising and optimising these multifaceted interactions, this examination aims to proactively minimise the susceptibility of the elderly population to a spectrum of health-related issues and the consequences associated with dental decay.

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“…Gingival enlargement is an enlargement of the gingival tissues that can be localized or generalized. Gingival hyperplasia (increase in cell number) and gingival hypertrophy (increase in cell size) are histological diagnoses that do not adequately describe the pathological processes seen inside the tissues [ 1 ]. Various factors such as adverse drug effects, inflammation, neoplastic processes, and hereditary gingival fibromatosis have been linked with enlargement [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug induced gingival enlargement - phenytoin: an overview and case report

Dhalla,

Gopal,

Palwankar

2024

Journal of Surgical Case Reports

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Gingival enlargement is a side effect of several different medication, including immunosuppressants, anticonvulsants, and calcium channel blockers. It is an inflammatory response that starts when plaque and calculus build up on the tooth surface. The most prevalent long-term neurological condition affecting people is epilepsy. In affluent nations, the prevalence of epilepsy is ~ 1%, whereas in less developed countries, it may >2%. The preferred medication for the condition, phenytoin, has major side effects include gingival enlargement. In addition to being visually disfiguring, this enlargement frequently affects speech, chewing and eating. Furthermore, those with poor dental hygiene, causes disabilities with motor coordination and muscular limitations leading to mental disability and physical impairments are more prone to periodontal disease. This article enlightened the mechanism of drug induced gingival enlargement clinically, microbiologically, and surgically.

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Refining the Mechanism of Drug-Influenced Gingival Enlargement and Its Management

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Surgical Intervention on Drug-Influenced Gingival Enlargement using Diode Laser Therapy

Surgical Intervention on Drug-Influenced Gingival Enlargement using Diode Laser Therapy

An Update on Drug–Nutrient Interactions and Dental Decay in Older Adults

Drug induced gingival enlargement - phenytoin: an overview and case report

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