Refining the Life Cycle of<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>

Liu, Lijiang; Qin, Li; Zhou, Zhuqing; Hendriks, Wilhelmina G H M; S, Liu; Wei, Yangdou

doi:10.1094/phyto-02-20-0029-r

Cited by 70 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…structures of P. brassicae and visualize the pathogen under confocal microscope examination (Liu et al, 2020). We firstly used the live cells HLG and DAPI to label and visualize P. brassicae at 2 dpi and found that several lipid droplet-enriched uninucleate primary plasmodia were always detected in an single root epidermal cell of resistant host B. napus ECD10, comparable to the susceptible host B. napus Westar (Figure 2A), indicating a successful initiation of the primary infection in resistant hosts.…”

Section: Identifying Clubroot-resistant Germplasm From European Clubrmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The isolate of P. brassicae used in this study is from the diseased canola plants in the field (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada). Maintenance of P. brassicae, resting spore preparation, and inoculation were performed as previously described (Liu et al, 2020). Ten-day-old seedlings were inoculated with 1 ml resting spore suspension (1.0 × 10 8 spores/ml) of the P. brassicae isolate.…”

Section: Plant Growth and Pathogen Inoculummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Live cell dyes HCS LipidTOX TM Green Neutral Lipid Stain (HLG, Thermo Fisher Scientific Canada), 4,6-Diamidine-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI, Sigma-Aldrich, Canada), and FM4-64 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Canada) were used to, respectively, label the lipid droplets, nuclei, and membrane structures of P. brassicae as previously described (Liu et al, 2020). The excitation wavelength and emission filter set for HLG, DAPI, and FM4-64 were performed following previous methods (Liu et al, 2020). Images were harvested with a Zeiss LSM Meta 510 (Carl Zeiss, Germany).…”

Section: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The next question that we want to know is whether these uninucleate primary plasmodia in resistant hosts can continue growth and development into zoosporangia and secondary zoospores. In our previous study, most zoosporangial cluster and secondary zoospores in root epidermal cells formation were formed in root hairs or epidermal cells from 4 to 7 dpi in susceptible Arabidopsis (Liu et al, 2020). We then investigated and compared the infection process of P. brassicae at 7 dpi between resistant and susceptible hosts of B. napus or B. rapa species by the combination of live cell dyes of HLG, DAPI and FM4-64.…”

Section: Identifying Clubroot-resistant Germplasm From European Clubrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the clubroot susceptible host Arabidopsis, the secondary infection phase in cortex tissue begun from 7 dpi and resulted in clubroot symptoms at 15 dpi (Liu et al, 2020). Accordingly, we investigated and compared the secondary infection of P. brassicae in host species B. napus and B. rapa at 15 dpi.…”

Section: Identifying Clubroot-resistant Germplasm From European Clubrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing the Infection Biology of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Clubroot Susceptible and Resistant Hosts and Non-hosts

et al. 2020

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The potential infection biology of Plasmodiophora brassicae in resistant hosts and nonhosts is still not completely understood. Clubroot resistance assay on European clubroot differentials (ECD) set revealed that ECD10 (Brassica napus) and ECD4 (Brassica rapa) show a complete resistance to the tested P. brassicae isolate in contrast to highly susceptible hosts Westar (B. napus) and ECD5 (B. rapa). Previously, we used fluorescent probe-based confocal microscopy (FCM) to refine the life cycle of P. brassicae and indicate the important time points during its infection in Arabidopsis. Here, we used FCM to systematically investigate the infection of P. brassicae in two resistant host species ECD10 and ECD4 and two non-host crops wheat and barley at each indicated time points, compared with two susceptible hosts Westar and ECD5. We found that P. brassicae can initiate the primary infection phase and produce uninucleate primary plasmodia in both resistant hosts and non-hosts just like susceptible hosts at 2 days post-inoculation (dpi). Importantly, P. brassicae can develop into zoosporangia and secondary zoospores and release the secondary zoospores from the zoosporangia in resistant hosts at 7 dpi, comparable to susceptible hosts. However, during the secondary infection phase, no secondary plasmodium was detected in the cortical cells of both resistant hosts in contrast to massive secondary plasmodia present in the cortex tissue of two susceptible hosts leading to root swelling at 15 dpi. In both non-host crops, only uninucleate primary plasmodia were observed throughout roots at 7 and 15 dpi. Quantitative PCR based on DNA revealed that the biomass of P. brassicae has no significant increase from 2 dpi in non-host plants and from 7 dpi in resistant host plants, compared to the huge biomass increase in susceptible host plants from 2 to 25 dpi. Our study reveals that the primary infection phase in the root epidermis and the secondary infection phase in the cortex tissue are, respectively, blocked in non-hosts and resistant hosts, contributing to understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying clubroot non-host and host resistance.

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Section: Identifying Clubroot-resistant Germplasm From European Clubrmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Plant Growth and Pathogen Inoculummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identifying Clubroot-resistant Germplasm From European Clubrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identifying Clubroot-resistant Germplasm From European Clubrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing the Infection Biology of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Clubroot Susceptible and Resistant Hosts and Non-hosts

et al. 2020

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Pennycress domestication and improvement efforts

Basnet,

Ellison

2024

Crop Science

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Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is a winter annual weed species that is distributed globally in temperate regions. The possibility of pennycress inclusion in the corn–soybean cropping system in the midwestern United States has garnered increasing attention from farmers. Growing pennycress offers environmental benefits—reducing soil erosion and nitrate leaching, improving water quality, early‐season pollinator food, and economic benefits—higher seed oil percentage, increased net profit, crop diversification, and biodiesel/renewable jet fuel production. The prospect of pennycress as a cover/oilseed cash crop in the United States is supported by several private and public research institutions. Here, we have discussed the rise of pennycress as a breakthrough oilseed crop in the last decade and explored recent developments in pennycress genetics and genomics research, which could pave the way for pennycress improvement and sustainable pennycress inclusion in the midwestern United States.

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No rest for resting spores: Can predators mitigate clubroot disease?

Schwelm

Brennan

Geisen³

2023

J of Sust Agri & Env

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The clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is a major and growing problem for the cultivation of Brassica crops. As conventional control disease management methods are ineffective or prohibited due to their ecological impact, and crop resistance is frequently broken, biological control of the pathogen has become a key focus for the development of sustainable agricultural systems. Here we provide a perspective review on the unexplored impact of soil microbiome predators, and their potential use as biocontrol agents, using clubroot disease as an example. We highlight several pathways by which microbiome predators can reduce clubroot in soils, including directly through predation and indirectly by inducing a clubroot-suppressive microbiome. We further discuss how some microbiome predators might, in contrast, benefit clubroot disease spread through mechanisms such as phoresy toward hosts. We highlight that gaps in knowledge need to be filled that hinder wider application of microbiome predators against P. brassicae alone, and in combination with known biocontrol agents.

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Refining the Life Cycle ofPlasmodiophora brassicae

Cited by 70 publications

References 31 publications

Comparing the Infection Biology of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Clubroot Susceptible and Resistant Hosts and Non-hosts

Comparing the Infection Biology of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Clubroot Susceptible and Resistant Hosts and Non-hosts

Pennycress domestication and improvement efforts

No rest for resting spores: Can predators mitigate clubroot disease?

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