Refining the assessment of internal working models: the Attachment Multiple Model Interview

Miljkovitch, Raphaële; Moss, Ellen; Bernier, Annie; Pascuzzo, Katherine; Sander, Emmanuel

doi:10.1080/14616734.2015.1075561

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Moreover, a substantial longitudinal link has been found using the AMMI [12], further supporting the consensus that interview methods based on expert judgment can produce results with higher construct validity than self-report measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…By analyzing and scoring transcriptions of the interviews, AMMI provides scores for three different attachment relationships: attachment to mother, father, and partner [12]. Since each relationship requires a specific amount of interview time, not all participants were able to complete all the interviews: attachment to the mother was evaluated for 27 participants, attachment to the father for 23, and attachment to the partner for 17.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality and outcome of these repeated early attachment interactions leave an enduring mark in the developing person [7-10]. The nature of this mark is threefold: it is cognitive, since dynamic representational models of the attachment figures and the relationship with them develop [11,12], contributing in adulthood to appraisals of the self as worthy of care and of others as capable of providing care [13]; behavioral, because our innate attachment behaviors accommodate to the environment [6], for example, in case of continuous unavailability of caregivers children might stop proximity-seeking behaviors entirely and act as if they were totally independent, a pattern that is then carried into adulthood [14]; and psychobiological, because negative early attachment experiences can lead to differences in the response of the bilateral amygdala and left ventral striatum during stressful situations, and to an overall higher sympathetic activation baseline [15-17]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in childhood-attachment assessments such as the SSP, the scoring experts observe behavior in general, whereas in interview methods only transcribed language is analyzed during scoring, thus limiting the scope of dimensions evaluated in this process. The Attachment Multiple Model Interview (AMMI [12]) circumvents this limitation in part, by including in the interview specific probes to gather self-reported information about behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We would like to clarify that throughout this paper we use the terms “attachment activation” and “attachment deactivation” in their literal sense, that is, the way in which the attachment system is activated when under specific relational stress and how it becomes deactivated when that relational stress is sufficiently addressed. This is not to be confused with “avoidant deactivation,” a “Minimizing strategy (...) conceived by Main (1990) as a shift of attention away from conditions normally eliciting attachment behavior, leading to the apparent absence of attachment behaviors in such circumstances” [12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Multimodal Assessment of Adult Attachment Security: Developing the Biometric Attachment Test

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAttachment theory has been proven essential for mental health, including psychopathology, development, and interpersonal relationships. Validated psychometric instruments to measure attachment abound but suffer from shortcomings common to traditional psychometrics. Recent developments in multimodal fusion and machine learning pave the way for new automated and objective psychometric instruments for adult attachment that combine psychophysiological, linguistic, and behavioral analyses in the assessment of the construct.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to present a new exposure-based, automatic, and objective adult-attachment assessment, the Biometric Attachment Test (BAT), which exposes participants to a short standardized set of visual and music stimuli, whereas their immediate reactions and verbal responses, captured by several computer sense modalities, are automatically analyzed for scoring and classification. We also aimed to empirically validate two of its assumptions: its capacity to measure attachment security and the viability of using themes as placeholders for rotating stimuli. MethodsA total of 59 French participants from the general population were assessed using the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP), and the Attachment Multiple Model Interview (AMMI) as ground truth for attachment security. They were then exposed to three different BAT stimuli sets, whereas their faces, voices, heart rate (HR), and electrodermal activity (EDA) were recorded. Psychophysiological features, such as skin-conductance response (SCR) and Bayevsky stress index; behavioral features, such as gaze and facial expressions; as well as linguistic and paralinguistic features, were automatically extracted. An exploratory analysis was conducted using correlation matrices to uncover the features that are most associated with attachment security. A confirmatory analysis was conducted by creating a single composite effects index and by testing it for correlations with attachment security. The stability of the theory-consistent features across three different stimuli sets was explored using repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVAs).ResultsIn total, 46 theory-consistent correlations were found during the exploration (out of 65 total significant correlations). For example, attachment security as measured by the AAP was correlated with positive facial expressions (r=.36, P=.01). AMMI’s security with the father was inversely correlated with the low frequency (LF) of HRV (r=−.87, P=.03). Attachment security to partners as measured by the AAQ was inversely correlated with anger facial expression (r=−.43, P=.001). The confirmatory analysis showed that the composite effects index was significantly correlated to security in the AAP (r=.26, P=.05) and the AAQ (r=.30, P=.04) but not in the AMMI. Repeated measures ANOVAs conducted individually on each of the theory-consistent features revealed that only 7 of the 46 (15%) features had significantly different values among respo...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Multimodal Assessment of Adult Attachment Security: Developing the Biometric Attachment Test

et al. 2017

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Reassessing the validity of the attachment Q‐sort: An updated meta‐analysis

Cadman

Diamond

Fearon

2017

Infant and Child Development

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A 2004 meta‐analysis reported good validity for the observer attachment Q‐sort (AQS), but poor validity for the parental self‐report version. Despite this, the self‐report AQS is still widely used, with researchers arguing that providing additional training can improve its validity. The aim of this study was to update the 2004 meta‐analysis. Two hundred forty‐five studies from 1987 to 2016 were included (n = 32,426). Separate meta‐analyses were conducted to examine validity and reliability. The observer AQS showed moderate convergent validity with the Strange Situation Procedure (r = .25; r = .39 for long observation periods) and good predictive validity in terms of associations with sensitivity (r = .32). It showed a relatively weak association with infant temperament (r = .21), suggesting some discriminant validity. The self‐report version showed comparable convergent validity with Strange Situation Procedure (r = .18), but significantly weaker correlations with sensitivity (r = .25) and stronger correlations with temperament (r = .33). There was no evidence that providing additional training improved the validity of the self‐report version. This study corroborates the previous finding that the observer AQS is a valid measure of infant attachment, especially after long periods of observation. The self‐report version showed significantly weaker discriminant and predictive validity. Highlights The aim of the study was to update the 2004 meta‐analysis assessing the validity of the attachment Q‐Sort (AQS). This study broadly replicated the findings of the previous meta-analysis, showing that the observer AQS is a valid measure of attachment. Caution should be shown in using the self-report AQS due to its comparatively weaker predictive and discriminate validity.

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Specificities of the Subjective Quality of Life of Children Involved with the Child Welfare System

Toussaint¹,

Bacro²,

Florin³

et al. 2022

Handbook of Children’s Risk, Vulnerability and Quality of Life

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Refining the assessment of internal working models: the Attachment Multiple Model Interview

Cited by 37 publications

References 72 publications

The Multimodal Assessment of Adult Attachment Security: Developing the Biometric Attachment Test

The Multimodal Assessment of Adult Attachment Security: Developing the Biometric Attachment Test

Reassessing the validity of the attachment Q‐sort: An updated meta‐analysis

Specificities of the Subjective Quality of Life of Children Involved with the Child Welfare System

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