Refining technologies for the purification of crude biodiesel

Atadashi, I.M.; Aroua, Mohamed Kheireddine; Aziz, Abdul; Sulaiman, Nik Meriam Nik

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.029

Cited by 206 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Glycerol is an important by-product of the transesterification reaction, which needs to be separated from the biodiesel phase (Atadashi et al, 2011a;Shafiei et al, 2017). Depending on regional regulations, biodiesel needs to meet certain characterizations prior to reaching the market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on biodiesel purification and upgrading

2017

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HIGHLIGHTS Various biodiesel purification methods, i.e., equilibrium-based, affinity-based, and reaction-based separation techniques along with membrane technology and solid-liquid separation processes were reviewed.Deoxygenating process via hydrodeoxygenation and decarboxylation/decarbonylation pathways is a common way to upgrade bio-based oils to produce biorenewable diesel with excellent fuel properties. Catalysts and operating conditions, i.e., pressure, temperature, and contact time, are the most important variables in biodiesel upgrading discussed herein. Serious environmental concerns regarding the use of fossil-based fuels have raised awareness regarding the necessity of alternative clean fuels and energy carriers. Biodiesel is considered a clean, biodegradable, and non-toxic diesel substitute produced via the transesterification of triglycerides with an alcohol in the presence of a proper catalyst. After initial separation of the by-product (glycerol), the crude biodiesel needs to be purified to meet the standard specifications prior to marketing. The presence of impurities in the biodiesel not only significantly affects its engine performance but also complicates its handling and storage. Therefore, biodiesel purification is an essential step prior to marketing. Biodiesel purification methods can be classified based on the nature of the process into equilibrium-based, affinity-based, membrane-based, reaction-based, and solid-liquid separation processes. The main adverse properties of biodiesel -namely moisture absorption, corrosiveness, and high viscosity -primarily arise from the presence of oxygen. To address these issues, several upgrading techniques have been proposed, among which catalytic (hydro)deoxygenation using conventional hydrotreating catalysts, supported metallic materials, and most recently transition metals in various forms appear promising. Nevertheless, catalyst deactivation (via coking) and/or inadequacy of product yields necessitate further research. This paper provides a comprehensive overview on the techniques and methods used for biodiesel purification and upgrading. ABSTRACT

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on biodiesel purification and upgrading

2017

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“…4 The FFA content in the feedstock must be lower than 0.5 wt % and thus requires the use of highly refined oils. 1,5 We recently demonstrated that aminopropyl functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AP-MSNs) selectively sequester FFAs from crude algal oil to meet the specifications of feedstocks for biodiesel. 6,7 The sequestered FFAs could still be converted into biodiesel by acid catalyzed esterification with methanol.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifunctional Adsorbent-Catalytic Nanoparticles for the Refining of Renewable Feedstocks

et al. 2013

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A hybrid adsorbent-catalytic nanostructured material consisting of aminopropyl groups and nickel nanoparticles immobilized in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AP-Ni-MSN) was employed to selectively capture free fatty acids (FFAs) and convert them into saturated hydrocarbons. The working principle of these sorbent-catalytic particles was initially tested in the hydrogenation of oleic acid. Besides providing selectivity for the capture of FFAs, the adsorbent groups also affected the selectivity of the hydrogenation reaction, shifting the chemistry from hydrocracking-based (Ni) to hydrotreating-based and improving the carbon economy of the process. This approach was ultimately evaluated by the selective sequestration of FFAs from crude microalgal oil and their subsequent conversion into liquid hydrocarbons, demonstrating the suitability of this design for the refinery of renewable feedstocks. ABSTRACT: A hybrid adsorbent-catalytic nanostructured material consisting of aminopropyl groups and nickel nanoparticles immobilized in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (APNi-MSN) was employed to selectively capture free fatty acids (FFAs) and convert them into saturated hydrocarbons. The working principle of these sorbent-catalytic particles was initially tested in the hydrogenation of oleic acid. Besides providing selectivity for the capture of FFAs, the adsorbent groups also affected the selectivity of the hydrogenation reaction, shifting the chemistry from hydrocracking-based (Ni) to hydrotreating-based and improving the carbon economy of the process. This approach was ultimately evaluated by the selective sequestration of FFAs from crude microalgal oil and their subsequent conversion into liquid hydrocarbons, demonstrating the suitability of this design for the refinery of renewable feedstocks.

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“…10 A ocorrência de contaminantes remanescentes no biodiesel, como glicerol e água, provocam a deterioração de peças dos automóveis, diminuição da estabilidade oxidativa, crescimento bacteriano e a consequente degradação do biodiesel, entre outras dificuldades na sua utilização como combustível substituinte dos derivados do petróleo. 13 A separação e a purificação do biodiesel bruto por processos adsortivos é uma alternativa promissora na remoção de contaminantes, pelo menor uso de água, e no tratamento de efluentes gerados, além da capacidade de reutilização do material adsortivo.…”

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Adsorção De Contaminantes Do Biodiesel Por Fibras De Bagaço Modificadas Na Superfície

et al. 2017

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Recebido em 25/05/2017; aceito em 24/10/2017; publicado na web em 04/12/2017 ADSORPTION OF BIODIESEL CONTAMINANTS BY SURFACE-MODIFIED BAGASSE FIBERS. Sugarcane bagasse fibers chemically modified on its surface were used to adsorb contaminants from biodiesel. Two biodiesel samples were used as adsorbates: crude and washed biodiesel. The contaminants were mainly glycerol and water, but also ions, and methanol. The biodiesel is usually washed, in order to remove most of the contaminants, but the procedure introduces large amounts of water, which are further difficult to remove, because the biodiesel acting as an acceptor of hydrogen bond. The adsorbent used in this work was proved to be very efficient to remove the contaminants and also to remove water from the washing the crude biodiesel. The contaminants adsorbed from biodiesel were identified by thermal analyses (DSC and DTA) of the fibers (adsorbent) and of the biodiesel (adsorbate) by comparing the results with the pure biodiesel. The proportion of free glycerol showed high adsorption efficiency for the crude biodiesel. A total amount of 1.34 g of fibers was estimated as being needed for its complete removal. The mass of bagasse fibers added (up to 1g) in a fixed volume of biodiesel was a relevant condition, as the saturation in fibers started at around 0.70 g cleaning up to about 98% removal of the impurities.Keywords: adsorption; bagasse; biodiesel; contaminants. INTRODUÇÃOO suprimento de energia ainda é majoritariamente dependente dos combustíveis fósseis: petróleo, carvão e gás natural. Considerando que as fontes fósseis são finitas, os gases da exaustão, produtos da combustão, são fortemente prejudiciais à sustentabilidade ambiental e os combustíveis têm o preço afetado por conflitos devido a instabilidades políticas, nas áreas de grande produção, são motivos que estimulam mais a ampliação da busca por fontes alternativas de energia e combustíveis renováveis. No cenário de inovação do mercado energético mundial, o Brasil tem destaque devido ao seu potencial de produção de biocombustíveis, tanto para suprir sua demanda interna quanto para exportar. 1 A grande extensão territorial do Brasil (é o quinto país de maior extensão de área territorial do globo) e a sua localização geoclimá-tica, situado em sua maior parte na zona tropical, favorece produção de biomassas diversificadas, sendo praticamente toda sua extensão aproveitável para a exploração agropecuária.2 Assim sendo, é viável a destinação de espaços para a cultura de vegetais oleaginosos, visando à produção de biocombustíveis.Biocombustíveis são substâncias derivadas de biomassa em base renovável, podendo substituir parcial ou totalmente os combustíveis fósseis. São empregados diretamente ou com poucas alterações, em motores a combustão interna ou, também, para outros tipos de geração de energia. Assim como o etanol, o biodiesel tem significativas vantagens ambientais. Estudos do National Biodiesel Board 7 (associação que representa a indústria de biodiesel nos Estados Unidos) demonstraram que a queim...

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Refining technologies for the purification of crude biodiesel

Cited by 206 publications

References 76 publications

A comprehensive review on biodiesel purification and upgrading

A comprehensive review on biodiesel purification and upgrading

Bifunctional Adsorbent-Catalytic Nanoparticles for the Refining of Renewable Feedstocks

Adsorção De Contaminantes Do Biodiesel Por Fibras De Bagaço Modificadas Na Superfície

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