Refinement of the Solidification Structure of Austenitic Fe-Mn-C-Al TWIP Steel

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of the 5Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel Refined by Oxide Particles

“…The sampling location of the columnar dendrite is about 4 mm from the ingot surface, whereas that of the equiaxed dendrite is nearly at the center. Different from what was reported for the Ce-inoculated twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel by Li et al, [20] introduction of oxide particles results in thinning of the dendrite arms, decrease in the size of the columnar and equiaxed dendrites and the increase in their number.…”

“…Based on density difference between the two 5Cr13 steels (7.735 and 7.825 g cm À3 for the oxide-added and conventional ones, respectively), the oxide-added 5Cr13 steel has a content of the oxide particles about 2.25 wt%, which is slightly lower than the oxide content (2.4 wt%) introduced through the master alloy. However, this oxide content is much higher than those of the in situ formed Ce 2 O 3 (<0.21%) through addition of rare-earth element Ce [20] and TiN (%0.14%) in the master alloy. [26] In this research, little oxide particles were physically splintered from the larger ones, and the oxide particles of relative large size were remained in the steel to supply enough heterogeneous nuclei for grain refinement in the steel.…”

“…However, the inoculation technique is mainly adopted to refine as-cast structures of austenitic stainless steel castings because heat treatment or mechanical working cannot significantly modify their cast structures. [19,20] The foreign heterogeneous nuclei can be introduced using two methods: 1) in situ formation of nuclei with designed melt additions; 2) adding a master alloy holding preformed nuclei. The former technique has been extensively exploited in many steels, but it needs careful manipulation of melting practice and contents of oxygen and other alloying elements in the melt.…”

The current state and the prospects for the development of high-plasticity ultrastrong Fe-Mn-Al-C steels

“…Структура аустенітної Fe-22Mn-0.6C-1.6Al сталі, легованої церієм після кристалізації, була досліджена у роботі [56]. Показано, що в механізмі рафінування частинки Ce 2 O 3 діють як гетерогенні ділянки зародкоутворення.…”

Evolutions of Micro- and Macrostructure by Cerium Treatment in As-Cast AISI M42 High-Speed Steel

“…[21,42] Meanwhile, large-atoms Ce can hinder the growth of dendrites by the drag effect on solid-liquid interface migration. [44] On the other hand, the combined presence of high levels of C, Mo, Cr, W, V and Fe in the interdendritic region produces intermetallic phases (M 2 C or M 6 C eutectic carbides) at the end of solidification. It has been suggested that the intermetallic phases forming at the end of solidification can effectively prevent the coalescence and coarsening of dendrites.…”