Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Ruthenium Dioxide.

Boman, Carl-Erik; Danielsen, Jacob; Haaland, Arne; Jerslev, Bodil; Schäffer, Claus Erik; Sunde, Erling; Sørensen, Nils Andreas

doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.24-0116

Cited by 105 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…In Figure 2 a, the diffractograms for RuO 2 and MnO x are shown, together with literature references and a measurement for the glass substrate. For the RuO 2 film, the diffractogram obtained was consistent with a rutile RuO 2 structure, [54] whereas for MnO x , no significant peaks were found, indicating that the film is amorphous. To Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…This mass loss is equivalent to 4.8 monolayers (ML) per hour assuming the density and lattice parameters of (110) RuO 2 layers. [54] Figure 4 b shows the results of the chronoamperometry measurement. The potential is held constant throughout the measurement; since the current depends exponentially on the potential, any deactivation shows up more clearly than in a chronopotentiometry measurement.…”

Section: Stability Of Ruomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benchmarking the Stability of Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts: The Importance of Monitoring Mass Losses

et al. 2014

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Because of the rising need for energy storage, potentially facilitated by electrolyzers, improvements to the catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) become increasingly relevant. Standardized protocols have been developed for determining critical figures of merit, such as the electrochemical surface area, mass activity and specific activity. Even so, when new and more active catalysts are reported, the catalyst stability tends to play a minor role. In this work, we monitor corrosion on RuO2 and MnOx by combining the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). We show that a meaningful estimation of the stability cannot be achieved based on purely electrochemical tests. On the catalysts tested, the anodic dissolution current was four orders of magnitude lower than the total current. We propose that even if long‐term testing cannot be replaced, a useful evaluation of the stability can be achieved with short‐term tests by using EQCM or ICP–MS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Stability Of Ruomentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking the Stability of Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts: The Importance of Monitoring Mass Losses

et al. 2014

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“…This pattern is similar to that exhibited by the Mo and S atom pairs in the h-MoS 2 crystal structure 22 . In previous reports, the crystal structure of RuO 2 NSs was assumed to be the same as the hexagonal structure of the parent material, K-form RuO 2 20,23 . However, the crystal structure observed in this study does not seem to have hexagonal symmetry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that NSs exfoliated from parent materials could have crystal structures different from that of their parent material, resulting in physical properties that differ from those of the bulk material. Because determining the crystal structure of an NS is not trivial, it has only been suggested that RuO 2 NSs have crystal structures that differ from that of rutile RuO 2 , which is thought to be hexagonal 20 . Here, we report the first systematic study of the crystal structure and physical properties of individual monolayer RuO 2 NSs through experimental and computational methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the structural, electrical, and optical properties of monolayer h-phase RuO2 nanosheets: a combined experimental and computational study

Lee

Sul

et al. 2018

NPG Asia Mater

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The structural, electrical, and optical properties of monolayer ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 ) nanosheets (NSs) fabricated by chemical exfoliation of a layered three-dimensional form of K-intercalated RuO 2 are studied systematically via experimental and computational methods. Monolayer RuO 2 NS is identified as having a distorted h-MX 2 structure. This is the first observation of a RuO 2 NS structure that is unlike the t-MX 2 structure of the RuO 2 layers in the parent material and does not have hexagonal symmetry. The distorted h-MX 2 RuO 2 NSs are shown to have optical transparency superior to that of graphene, thereby predicting the feasibility of applying RuO 2 NSs to flexible transparent electrodes. In addition, it is demonstrated that the semiconducting band structures of RuO 2 NSs can be manipulated to be semimetallic by adjusting the crystal structure, which is related to band-gap engineering. This finding indicates that RuO 2 NSs can be used in a variety of applications, such as flexible transparent electrodes, atomic-layer devices, and optoelectronic devices.

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“…EXAFS measurements also confirm the presence of Ru 4+ species, which are structurally similar to RuO 2 species. [20] The ruthenium K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectrum of Ru/Cs-USY(40) is compared with anhydrous RuO 2 , as well as (hydrated) RuCl 3 , in Figure 1. The ruthenium K-edge energies and the detailed XANES features of the sample are very similar to that of anhydrous ruthenium oxide, but significantly different from ruthenium chloride, indicating a very similar local geometry and similar electronic properties between the sample and anhydrous RuO 2 .…”

Section: Determination Of Active Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Ru–Zeolites for Hydrogen‐Free Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acids

et al. 2011

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While conjugated vegetable oils are currently used as additives in the drying agents of oils and paints, they are also attractive molecules for making bio-plastics. Moreover, conjugated oils will soon be accepted as nutritional additives for "functional food" products. While current manufacture of conjugated vegetable oils or conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) uses a homogeneous base as isomerisation catalyst, a heterogeneous alternative is not available today. This contribution presents the direct production of CLAs over Ru supported on different zeolites, varying in topology (ZSM-5, BETA, Y), Si/Al ratio and countercation (H(+), Na(+), Cs(+)). Ru/Cs-USY, with a Si/Al ratio of 40, was identified as the most active and selective catalyst for isomerisation of methyl linoleate (cis-9,cis-12 (C18:2)) to CLA at 165 °C. Interestingly, no hydrogen pre-treatment of the catalyst or addition of hydrogen donors is required to achieve industrially relevant isomerisation productivities, namely, 0.7 g of CLA per litre of solvent per minute. Moreover, the biologically most active CLA isomers, namely, cis-9,trans-11, trans-10,cis-12 and trans-9,trans-11, were the main products, especially at low catalyst concentrations. Ex situ physicochemical characterisation with CO chemisorption, extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements, transmission electron microscopy analysis, and temperature-programmed oxidation reveals the presence of highly dispersed RuO(2) species in Ru/Cs-USY(40).

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Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Ruthenium Dioxide.

Cited by 105 publications

References 0 publications

Benchmarking the Stability of Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts: The Importance of Monitoring Mass Losses

Benchmarking the Stability of Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts: The Importance of Monitoring Mass Losses

Understanding the structural, electrical, and optical properties of monolayer h-phase RuO2 nanosheets: a combined experimental and computational study

Design of Ru–Zeolites for Hydrogen‐Free Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acids

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