Refinement of risk assessment of dermally and intermittently exposed pesticide workers: A critique

Hakkert, Betty C.

doi:10.1016/s0003-4878(00)00097-1

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similarly, no cytotoxicity due to SFN in the concentration ranges tested in the present study has been reported. [22] The extent of DNA damage caused by H 2 O 2 was approximately 24% more than was recorded by the pesticide mixture. The DNA protective effect of pre-exposure of human lymphocytes to SFN and their subsequent exposure to H 2 O 2 and the pesticide mixture used in the study are represented in Figure 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of protective effects of sulforaphane on DNA damage caused by exposure to low levels of pesticide mixture using comet assay

Topè

Rogers

2009

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential risk of DNA damage due to exposure to a mixture of the most widely used pesticides, namely endosulfan, chlorpyriphos and thiram at an environmentally relevant concentration (5 microM each) and the DNA protective capacity of sulforaphane (SFN) (10-30 microg/mL). DNA damage in human lymphocytes was ascertained with Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE), also called Comet Assay. For positive control, H(2)O(2) at 100 mM was used. The pesticide mixture produced DNA damage at the concentration used in the lymphocytes. SFN was able to offer a statistically significant (P < 0.01), concentration-dependant protection to DNA damage between 10-20 microg/mL in both the pre-incubation and co-incubation strategies. The results indicate that exposure to low levels of these pesticide mixtures can induce DNA damage, and the presence of SFN in diet may reduce the incidence of genetic damage, especially in farm workers. However, it is not clear whether SFN is involved in quenching of the free radicals generated by the pesticide mixture or it is involved in DNA repair mechanism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of protective effects of sulforaphane on DNA damage caused by exposure to low levels of pesticide mixture using comet assay

Topè

Rogers

2009

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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“…The concentration of the mixture (based on LD 50 levels) reflects residual levels most frequently encountered by farm workers and those living in rural areas [21]. The safety of dietary flavonoids depend generally on their concentration, bioavailability, and the presence of metabolites of environmental toxicants that are similarly metabolized by detoxification enzymes [1,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosafety of Flavonoids in Rats: Effects on Copper and Zinc Homeostasis and Interaction with Low-Level Pesticide Exposure

Bebe

Panemangalore

2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Two 30-day experiments (36 male Sprague-Dawley rats each) were conducted to determine effect of administering flavonoid mixture (FM) with concomitant exposure to a pesticide mixture (PM) or FM at varied levels on changes in concentrations of zinc and copper in tissues. In experiment 1, PM = chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and thiram at 25% LD(50) was dissolved in soybean (SB) oil and gavage-fed 0.1 mL 5 days/week; FM in SB oil was mixed in AIN-93M diet at 1.0 and 5.0 mM/kg diet and fed ad libitum. The groups were Control (CON), PM, FM1, FM5, PM+FM1, and PM+FM5. In experiment 2, FM in 1% polyethylene glycol was gavage-fed (0.5 mL/5 days/week), at increasing levels(mg/kg body weight); the groups were CON, FM5, FM25, FM50, FM100, and FM200. In experiment 1, PM plus FM increased tissue Cu as compared to the CON by: plasma, 16-37%; liver, 9-20%; kidney, 13-41%; small intestinal mucosa (IM), 41%; and small intestines (SI), 77%. In experiment 2, FM fed at higher levels decreased tissue Cu by: plasma, 22-36%; liver, 23%; kidney, 24-44%; IM, 17-26%; and SI, 58% and 77%, as compared to respective CON. Kidney zinc increased at higher concentrations of FM by 14-34%. These results indicate that flavonoids can modify copper homeostasis depending on whether they are fed in the diet or by gavage.

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“…[1] Since exposure to man-made chemicals is widespread in most agricultural communities, we chose to use an equivalent mixture of the most commonly used pesticides, even though this population group may be exposed to a much wider array of various types of pesticides. [14] Similarly, because of the unavailability of flavonoid composition of foods and analytical data on actual levels of different flavonoids in human diets, an equivalent mixture of purified citrus flavonoids were used as they are the most prevalent nutritional additives in nutraceuticals and also have the highest antioxidant potency. [7] The rats were fed a control diet, AIN 93M, which contained 4% soybean oil.…”

Section: Animal Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and long-term exposure to low levels of pesticide and flavonoid mixtures modify endogenous antioxidants in tissues of rats

Panemangalore

Bebe

2009

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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The objective of this study was to determine if interaction between phytochemical mixtures and low level exposure to pesticides would modify tissue endogenous antioxidants in rats. Two experiments were conducted using dietary flavonoid (F) and oral pesticide (P) mixtures (FM, PM) on changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione concentrations (GSH) in male Sprague Dawley rats (150-175 g) fed for 2 or 4 weeks the AIN 93M diet with or without equal amounts of quercetin, rutin, catechin (FM) at 1.0 mM or 5 mM/kg diet, and with/without PM fed orally at 0.1 mL/d/5d/wk (PM = chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, thiram at 25% LD 50 in oil). Our data indicate that (compared to corresponding Control groups): (i) While, 2 weeks of feeding reduced liver and small intestinal mucosal (IM) SOD activity in the PFM1 (PM+FM1) group, 4 weeks of feeding increased only liver SOD activity in PM, FM1, FM5 and PFM1 and PFM5 groups; (ii) Liver and IM GSH levels increased in PFM groups after 2 or 4 weeks of exposure; plasma GSH increased in the groups fed FM5 with or without PM; (iii) Liver GPX activity declined in both 2 and 4 week experiments in the FM and PFM groups, respectively. These data suggests that metabolic interaction between FM and PM, and duration of exposure, can modify endogenous antioxidants. Data also underscore the prooxidant properties of flavonoids.

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Refinement of risk assessment of dermally and intermittently exposed pesticide workers: A critique

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of protective effects of sulforaphane on DNA damage caused by exposure to low levels of pesticide mixture using comet assay

Evaluation of protective effects of sulforaphane on DNA damage caused by exposure to low levels of pesticide mixture using comet assay

Biosafety of Flavonoids in Rats: Effects on Copper and Zinc Homeostasis and Interaction with Low-Level Pesticide Exposure

Short- and long-term exposure to low levels of pesticide and flavonoid mixtures modify endogenous antioxidants in tissues of rats

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