Refined Network Topology for Improved Reliability and Enhanced Dijkstra Algorithm for Optimal Path Selection during Link Failures in Cluster Microgrids

Abstract

Cluster microgrids are a group of interoperable smart microgrids, connected in a local network to exchange their energy resources and collectively meet their load. A microgrid can import/export energy to the neighboring microgrid in the network based on energy deficit/availability. However, in executing such an operation, a well-established communication network is essential. This network must provide a reliable communication path between microgrids. In addition, the network must provide an optimal path between any two microgrids in the network to optimize immediate energy generation, import requirements, and export possibilities. To meet these requirements, different conventional research approaches have been used to provide reliable communication, such as backup/alternative/Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)-based redundant path concepts, in addition to traditional/renowned Dijkstra algorithms, in order to find the shortest path between microgrids. The HSRP-based mechanism provides an additional path between microgrids, but may not completely solve the reliability issue, especially during multiple link failures and simultaneous failures of the actual path and redundant path. Similarly, Dijkstra algorithms discussed in the literature do not work for finding the shortest path during link failures. Thus, to enhance reliability, this paper proposes a refined network topology that provides more communication paths between microgrids, while retaining the same number of total links needed, as in conventional HSRP-based networks. In addition, this paper proposes an enhanced Dijkstra algorithm to find the optimum path during link failures. Simulations are executed using NetSimTM by implementing test cases such as single-link and multiple-link failures. The results prove that the proposed topology and method are superior to conventional approaches.

Energy-Efficient LoRa Routing for Smart Grids

“…These technologies and standards are designed to be energy-efficient, reliable, and secure and are constantly evolving to improve the operation of smart grids. Efforts towards selecting the shortest path [ 10 , 11 ] or optimal path for communication technology in smart grids involve analysing various factors such as reliability, security, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. The selection of communication technologies for smart grids must also consider the specific requirements of the grid, such as the type and number of devices to be connected, the distance between devices, and the bandwidth required for data transmission.…”

THD Reduction of Improved Single Source MLI Using Upgraded Black Widow Optimization Algorithm

“…Te SHE problem of MLI for diferent modulation indices has also been solved by differential harmony search algorithm [31] and improved immune algorithm [32]. Furthermore, the nature inspired algorithms have proved their potential towards solving the optimal operation of microgrid by employing GA and artifcial bee colony together in [33], solving the economic dispatch problem using hybrid frefy and genetic algorithm [34], frequency control of microgrid by optimizing the controller coefcient through PSO in reference [35], selection of optimal path for cluster microgrid through modifed Dijkstra algorithm [36], and determining the optimal path to fnd out electric vehicle charging station with the help of wild horse optimization technique [37].…”

Implementation of Design for Sustainability in Product Engineering

“…Sociocultural factors include understanding the needs, values, and behaviors of the target market or user group. Sustainability involves the careful use of natural resources to ensure their availability for future generations, focusing on two fundamental principles: using fewer resources and choosing eco-friendly alternatives [4]. When considering resources in the context of sustainability, it includes not only raw materials but also design and manufacturing processes, systems, transportation, distribution, and other elements involved in product development [5,6].…”