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Abstract

Compiler-based fault injection (FI) has become a popular technique for resilience studies to understand the impact of soft errors in supercomputing systems. Compiler-based FI frameworks inject faults at a high intermediate-representation level. However, they are less accurate than machine code, binary-level FI because they lack access to all dynamic instructions, thus they fail to mimic certain fault manifestations. In this paper, we study the limitations of current practices in compiler-based FI and how they impact the interpretation of results in resilience studies.We propose REFINE, a novel framework that addresses these limitations, performing FI in a compiler backend. Our approach provides the portability and efficiency of compiler-based FI, while keeping accuracy comparable to binary-level FI methods. We demonstrate our approach in 14 HPC programs and show that, due to our unique design, its runtime overhead is significantly smaller than state-ofthe-art compiler-based FI frameworks, reducing the time for large FI experiments. CCS CONCEPTS• Computing methodologies → Simulation tools; Model verification and validation; • Software and its engineering → Compilers; • Hardware → Analysis and design of emerging devices and systems;

Cross-Layer Resilience Against Soft Errors: Key Insights

“…Software running on the system can be used to mimic faults in software-implemented fault injection, e.g., as presented in [26,30,44]. The compiler can be used to instrument the binary with fault injection code, for compiler-based fault injection, e.g., implemented in [18]. Simulation-based fault injection injects faults in a simulation model of the system.…”