Reference values of urinary ethylenethiourea in four regions of Italy (multicentric study)

Aprea, Cristina; Betta, Alberto; Catenacci, G; Lotti, Andrea; Minoia, Claudio; Passini, W; Pavan, I; Cuna, Francesco Saverio Robustelli della; Roggi, Carla; Ruggeri, Rosaria M.; Soave, Claudio; Sciarra, Gianfranco; Vannini, P; Vitalone,

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(96)05300-4

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Despite most of EBDTC metabolites are excreted within 24 hr, a baseline level of ETU has been detected even in the absence of previous mancozeb application, thus suggesting that the contamination of the working environment may be responsible for low but continuous exposure [138]. However, the finding that a background level of urinary ETU has been detected in the general population, likely due to consumption of wine, fruit and vegetables, represents a worrying matter for public health [138][139][140].…”

Section: Ebctds: Mancozeb Maneb Zinebmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Effects of the Endocrine Disruptors Dithiocarbamates on the Mammalian Ovary with Particular Regard to Mancozeb

Cecconi

Paro²,

Rossi³

et al. 2007

CPD

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Many human-made chemicals are called endocrine disruptors (EDs) because they have the potential to disrupt endocrine functions in exposed organisms. Many EDs can disrupt hormonal homeostasis by interfering with hormone receptor recognition, binding and activation, while others act by still unknown mechanisms. Among the EDs specifically affecting the female reproductive system, those with steroidogenic/antisteroidogenic effects have been extensively studied and the mechanisms of toxicity clarified also at molecular level. For many others, information is restricted to few epidemiological data and in vivo/in vitro experiments with animal models. This is the case of the dithiocarbamates, and in particular of the fungicide mancozeb, an ethylenedithiocarbamate widely used to protect fruit and vegetables, ginseng included, because of its low acute toxicity in humans. Although the mechanism(s) by which mancozeb may specifically act on female reproductive organs are largely unknown, data on experimental animals in vivo have demonstrated that the fungicide can induce several disturbances on estrus cycle. When used in vitro at concentrations considered too low to cause human health injuries, the fungicide impairs mouse embryo development and meiotic spindle assembly. The possibility that the female germ cell (the oocyte) could be a specific target of mancozeb suggests a role for this fungicide as probable inductor of infertility also in exposed human populations.

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Section: Ebctds: Mancozeb Maneb Zinebmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Effects of the Endocrine Disruptors Dithiocarbamates on the Mammalian Ovary with Particular Regard to Mancozeb

Cecconi

Paro²,

Rossi³

et al. 2007

CPD

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“…The present study revealed generally higher levels of urinary ETU (mean, 244.01 ppb) among backpack sprayers with an acute exposure to EBDCs as well as chronic exposure for at least 3 years. Previous studies showed varying levels of urinary ETU among farmers using EBDCs (Aprea et al 1996(Aprea et al , 1998Kurttio et al 1990aKurttio et al , 1990bSteenland et al 1997). In their study among potato field applicators, Kurttio et al (1990b) showed levels ranging between < 0.20 and 23.00 ppb after a 4-hr single exposure to EBDCs using a tractor-pulled, pump-operated spray.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Correlation between blood ethylenethiourea and thyroid gland disorders among banana plantation workers in the Philippines.

Panganiban

Cortes-Maramba²,

Dioquino³

et al. 2004

Environ Health Perspect

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Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs) are metabolized into ethylenethiourea (ETU), a possible human carcinogen and an antithyroid compound. In this study our goal was to correlate ETU levels with the incidence of thyroid gland disorders among banana plantation workers exposed to EBDC. We randomly selected 57 directly exposed workers and 31 indirectly exposed workers from four banana plantations and 43 workers from an organic farm; all subjects underwent complete medical examinations and laboratory tests. Results showed a higher mean thyroid-stimulating hormone measurement among exposed workers compared with the control group, although the levels were well within normal range. Nine of the exposed farmers had abnormal thyroid ultrasound findings, consisting mostly of solitary nodules, compared with three among the control group. Analysis of variance showed significantly different blood ETU levels among the directly exposed, indirectly exposed, and control groups (p < 0.001), but ETU levels in urine were not significantly different (p = 0.10). Environmental ETU levels were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency remediation levels. Among farmers with solitary thyroid nodules, we found a very good direct correlation between the size of the nodule and blood ETU level. In this study we showed that blood ETU is a more reliable biomarker for EBDC exposure than urinary ETU; therefore, the determination of blood ETU should be part of medical surveillance efforts among workers exposed to EBDC to detect occurrences of thyroid gland disorders.

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“…These power calculations were based on collecting urine samples from 30 individuals with two replications per person and a range of estimated standard deviations (SD). Information about geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) background levels were obtained from various sources [7,12-15]. Where only background levels were available, the power calculations were based on an ability to detect a doubling of background levels, with the GSDs ranging between the GM levels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological monitoring of pesticide exposures in residents living near agricultural land

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThere is currently a lack of reliable information on the exposures of residents and bystanders to pesticides in the UK. Previous research has shown that the methods currently used for assessing pesticide exposure for regulatory purposes are appropriate for farm workers [1]. However, there were indications that the exposures of bystanders may sometimes be underestimated. The previous study did not collect data for residents. Therefore, this study aims to collect measurements to determine if the current methods and tools are appropriate for assessing pesticide exposure for residents living near agricultural fields.Methods/designThe study will recruit owners of farms and orchards (hereafter both will be referred to as farms) that spray their agricultural crops with certain specified pesticides, and which have residential areas in close proximity to these fields. Recruited farms will be asked to provide details of their pesticide usage throughout the spray season. Informed consenting residents (adults (18 years and over) and children (aged 4-12 years)) will be asked to provide urine samples and accompanying activity diaries during the spraying season and in addition for a limited number of weeks before/after the spray season to allow background pesticide metabolite levels to be determined. Selected urine samples will be analysed for the pesticide metabolites of interest. Statistical analysis and mathematical modelling will use the laboratory results, along with the additional data collected from the farmers and residents, to determine systemic exposure levels amongst residents. Surveys will be carried out in selected areas of the United Kingdom over two years (2011 and 2012), covering two spraying seasons and the time between the spraying seasons.DiscussionThe described study protocol was implemented for the sample and data collection procedures carried out in 2011. Based on experience to date, no major changes to the protocol are anticipated for the 2012 spray season although the pesticides and regional areas for inclusion in 2012 are still to be confirmed.

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Reference values of urinary ethylenethiourea in four regions of Italy (multicentric study)

Cited by 37 publications

References 10 publications

The Effects of the Endocrine Disruptors Dithiocarbamates on the Mammalian Ovary with Particular Regard to Mancozeb

The Effects of the Endocrine Disruptors Dithiocarbamates on the Mammalian Ovary with Particular Regard to Mancozeb

Correlation between blood ethylenethiourea and thyroid gland disorders among banana plantation workers in the Philippines.

Biological monitoring of pesticide exposures in residents living near agricultural land

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