Reference Values of Six-limb-lead Electrocardiogram in Conscious Labrador Retriever Dogs

Gugjoo, Mudasir Bashir; Hoque, Mozammel; Saxena, A.C.; Zama, M. M. S.

doi:10.3923/pjbs.2014.689.695

Cited by 24 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…3,8,10,16,17 Ejection fraction and fractional shortening were not correlated with bodyweight in this study, which is in agreement with Bonagura, 3 Lombard, 16 and Crippa et al, 6 who reported a lack of correlation between body size and cardiac function indices like FS and EF. The lack of dependence of these indices on body size would tend to suggest a high level of cardiac functional homogeneity in the breed studied.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…17,8 The indexed EDV and ESV values obtained in this study were respectively less than 100 mL/m 2 and 30 mL/m 2 and could be described as normal. 18 In spite of the relatively smaller size of the Nigerian local dog this study showed that its mean and median EDV and ESV were still respectively higher and lower than those of other outdoor dogs such as the Hungarian breed of dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Normal M-mode echocardiographic indices of Nigerian local dogs

et al. 2017

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There are currently no reported cardiac indices for the Nigerian dog. The aim of the study was to obtain breed specific echocardiographic indices for Nigerian local dogs. M-mode measurements of the left ventricle of 20 healthy dogs were obtained from short axis right parasternal view. The result of the study showed that posterior wall thickness in diastole and systole (PWTd, PWTs), septal wall thickness in diastole and systole (SWTd, SWTs), and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole and systole (LVIDd LVIDs) were positively and significantly correlated with body weight. Except PWT and functional indices like ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) whose values were higher than some breeds in literature, all other indices were within the range of values obtained in breeds previously studied. There was no significant correlation between PWTd PWTs, SWTd, SWTs and cardiac function indices such as EF, FS, enddiastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and stroke volume (SV). Although LVIDd had positive correlation with EDV, ESV, and SV, it did not correlate with FS and EF.The study revealed that cardiac function indices like FS and EF are not dependent on septal and wall thickness but rather on ventriclular volume and diameter in systole. Since cardiac function indices are also not dependent on body size, the Nigerian mongrels could serve as a useful model for cardiac studies because of their functional homogenous heart.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Normal M-mode echocardiographic indices of Nigerian local dogs

et al. 2017

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“…In dogs, cardiac arrhythmias and intra-cardiac conduction disturbances are commonplace problems, which can be well elucidated using ECG [ 5 ]. But in India, the exotic breeds are extensively used to perform sniffing activities by different security agencies and also reared in pet lovers’ den.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocardiogram pattern of some exotic breeds of trained dogs: A variation study

Mukherjee¹,

Das²,

Ghosh³

et al. 2015

Vet World

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Aim: The present study has been conducted to evaluate the variation in electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters among different trained breeds of dogs (viz. Labrador, German Shepherd, and Golden Retriever) used for security reasons. Materials and Methods: The ECG was recorded by single channel ECG at a paper speed of 25 mm/s and calibration of 10 mm=1 mV. The recordings were taken from all the standard bipolar limb leads (Lead-I, II, and III) and unipolar augmented limb leads (Lead-aVR, aVL, and aVF).

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“…So, the VHS method could help in the interpretation of the ECG of dogs with different thoracic conformations. The scientific literature presents the ECG [12,18,24] and VHS [7,8] values in dog of different breeds and sizes; however, there is little information about the correlation of these parameters in healthy dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Electrocardiographic Parameters, Thoracic Morphometry and Vertebral Heart Size in Clinically Normal Dogs

Margarido

Martins

Nunes

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:The Vertebral Heart Size (VHS) method sets standards for the evaluation of dog's heart size from the comparison of the cardiac dimension with the length of the thoracic vertebrae through radiographic study. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used in veterinary medicine for the evaluation of electrical conduction system of the heart; however, the increase of duration and amplitude of the ECG waves can suggest the increase of cardiac chambers in dogs. The scientific literature presents electrocardiographic and VHS values for dogs of different breeds and sizes; however, there is little information on the correlation of these parameters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the amplitude and duration of ECG waves, thoracic morphometry and VHS values, in order to correlate these parameters in clinically normal dogs. Materials, Methods & Results:Twenty healthy dogs (11 females and 9 males), without breed distinction, medium sized (14.46 ± 2.92 kg) and aged between 1 and 8 years, were evaluated through physical examination, digital ECG (frontal and precordial leads) and thorax X-ray in right lateral (RL), left lateral (LL) and ventrodorsal (VD) projections. Thoracic morphometry and VHS measurements were determined as previously described. Clinical and ECG parameters were compatible with the references in all dogs evaluated. Dogs presented thorax intermediate (75%) with the depth and width ratio (D/W ratio) > 1.0. Some individual VHS values were higher than the references and the mean VHS values in VD projection was higher than in RL and LL projections (n = 20; P < 0.05). Female and male dogs did not differ among the evaluated parameters. A positive correlation was observed between thoracic morphometry and body weight (r ≥ +0.70; P < 0.001) and a negative correlation was found between the D/W ratio and VD VHS (r = -0.62; P < 0.05). No significant correlations were observed between the age, ECG parameters, thoracic morphometry and VHS measurements. Discussion: The majority of dogs presented intermediate thorax, a common characteristic for healthy dogs of different breeds. Some dogs had higher VHS values in different projections, when compared to references. The same has been reported by others authors for diferent breeds. However, there is no consensus about VHS values for all sexes, breeds and physical conformations in dogs. In agreement with other authors, the mean value of VD VHS was higher in relation to RL and LL VHS; however, RL and LL VHS did not differ. Positive and significative correlations were observed between body weight and thorax depth, and between body weight and thorax width, confirming that larger dogs had greater thoracic measurements. The thorax type could influence the VHS, when this parameter is determined by VD projection, because was observed a negative and significative correlation between the D/W ratio and VD VHS. So, the dogs with a deeper thorax may have lower VHS values. The correlation between VHS measurements and duration and amplitude of the ECG waves was weak, possibl...

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Reference Values of Six-limb-lead Electrocardiogram in Conscious Labrador Retriever Dogs

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Normal M-mode echocardiographic indices of Nigerian local dogs

Normal M-mode echocardiographic indices of Nigerian local dogs

Electrocardiogram pattern of some exotic breeds of trained dogs: A variation study

Evaluation of Electrocardiographic Parameters, Thoracic Morphometry and Vertebral Heart Size in Clinically Normal Dogs

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