Abstract:Cynomolgus monkeys as nonhuman primates are valuable animal models because they have a high level of human gene homology. There are many reference values for hematology and biochemistry of Cynomolgus monkeys that are needed for proper clinical diagnosis and biomedical research conduct. The body weight information and blood type are also key success factors in allogeneic or xenogeneic models. Moreover, the biological parameters could be different according to the origin of the Cynomolgus monkey. However, there … Show more
“…2). Further, the mean concentration of hemoglobin in the anti-CD154 group was lower than the lower limit of the reference interval of platelets (reference interval of hemoglobin: 10.10–15.45 g/dl, calculated from a previous study 26 ).Figure 2Comparison of hemoglobin level, platelet count, and soluble CD40L level, in cynomolgus monkeys with collagen-induced arthritis. Graphs of hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, and soluble CD40L levels.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…Platelet number was markedly decreased due to platelet clumps in RA4 and RA5, especially during the first 2 weeks after anti-CD154 antibody therapy, and platelet numbers of RA 4 and 5 were lower than the lower limit of the reference interval of platelets (215.6–600.6 × 10 9 /L) 26 (platelet numbers of RA 4: before treatment, week 7 post-immunization: 364 × 10 9 /L → after treatment, week 8 post-immunization: 194 × 10 9 /L and week 9 post-immunization: 57.8 × 10 9 /L and RA 5: before treatment, week 7: 596 × 10 9 /L → after treatment, week 8 post-immunization: 180 × 10 9 /L, week 9 post-immunization: 180 × 10 9 /L) (Fig. 2).…”
Rheumatoid arthritis is one major chronic inflammatory systemic autoimmune disease. The CD154-CD40 interactions play a critical role in the regulation of immune responses and the maintenance of autoimmunity. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether anti-CD154 antibody treatment show positive effects on immunomodulation and clinical improvement of sustained severe rheumatoid arthritis in cynomolgus monkeys. Arthritis was induced using chicken type II collagen (CII) and arthritic monkey were divided into control and anti-CD154 treatment groups based on their concentrations of anti-CII antibodies on week 7 post-immunization. Blood and tissue samples were collected on week 16 post-immunization. Anti-CD154 antibody treatment improved arthritis and movement, and significantly decreased the numbers of proliferating B cells and the serum levels of anti-type II collagen antibody and sCD154 compared with non-treatment group. Further anti-CD154 antibody treatment significantly decreased the percentage of CD4+ cells and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells and significantly increased the percentage of CD8+ cells and effector memory CD8+ cells in peripheral blood. We have shown for the first time in a nonhuman primate model of RA that CD154 blockade has beneficial effects. This study might be valuable as preclinical data of CD154 blockade in nonhuman primate models of severe rheumatoid arthritis.
“…2). Further, the mean concentration of hemoglobin in the anti-CD154 group was lower than the lower limit of the reference interval of platelets (reference interval of hemoglobin: 10.10–15.45 g/dl, calculated from a previous study 26 ).Figure 2Comparison of hemoglobin level, platelet count, and soluble CD40L level, in cynomolgus monkeys with collagen-induced arthritis. Graphs of hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, and soluble CD40L levels.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…Platelet number was markedly decreased due to platelet clumps in RA4 and RA5, especially during the first 2 weeks after anti-CD154 antibody therapy, and platelet numbers of RA 4 and 5 were lower than the lower limit of the reference interval of platelets (215.6–600.6 × 10 9 /L) 26 (platelet numbers of RA 4: before treatment, week 7 post-immunization: 364 × 10 9 /L → after treatment, week 8 post-immunization: 194 × 10 9 /L and week 9 post-immunization: 57.8 × 10 9 /L and RA 5: before treatment, week 7: 596 × 10 9 /L → after treatment, week 8 post-immunization: 180 × 10 9 /L, week 9 post-immunization: 180 × 10 9 /L) (Fig. 2).…”
Rheumatoid arthritis is one major chronic inflammatory systemic autoimmune disease. The CD154-CD40 interactions play a critical role in the regulation of immune responses and the maintenance of autoimmunity. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether anti-CD154 antibody treatment show positive effects on immunomodulation and clinical improvement of sustained severe rheumatoid arthritis in cynomolgus monkeys. Arthritis was induced using chicken type II collagen (CII) and arthritic monkey were divided into control and anti-CD154 treatment groups based on their concentrations of anti-CII antibodies on week 7 post-immunization. Blood and tissue samples were collected on week 16 post-immunization. Anti-CD154 antibody treatment improved arthritis and movement, and significantly decreased the numbers of proliferating B cells and the serum levels of anti-type II collagen antibody and sCD154 compared with non-treatment group. Further anti-CD154 antibody treatment significantly decreased the percentage of CD4+ cells and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells and significantly increased the percentage of CD8+ cells and effector memory CD8+ cells in peripheral blood. We have shown for the first time in a nonhuman primate model of RA that CD154 blockade has beneficial effects. This study might be valuable as preclinical data of CD154 blockade in nonhuman primate models of severe rheumatoid arthritis.
“…As is well‐known, basal reference values are not only important for monitoring the care and maintenance of NHPs used in biomedical research, but are also critical for evaluating normal physiological states and the effects of treatments and experimental tests . Indeed, reference values play a vital role in selecting healthy subjects for such research and in evaluating non‐clinical findings …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chemical restriction or subjection, in particular, reduces stress in animals while increasing safety and improving the quality of the samples obtained . Many studies have reported the clinical effects of anesthesia on the physiological and biochemical parameters of NHPs . Research has shown that anesthetic drugs, and combinations thereof, produce secondary effects that can modify physiological responses by altering an animal's homeostasis, and cause such deleterious effects as hypotension, hypoxia, and hypothermia, among other disturbances, in anesthetized animals, and this can affect the results of research .…”
Background
Anesthetic agents are commonly utilized in the handling of non‐human primates for prevent the stress caused in physical exploration or physical restrain. For this reason, the objective of this work was to describe the effect of age and dissociative anesthetics (ketamine and tiletamine), and their combinations with acepromazine, xylazine and zolazepam, on the physiological and blood biochemical parameters in
Macaca mulatta
.
Methods
Eighty male
Macaca mulatta
were divided into four experimental groups depending on the anesthetic mixture applied. Each group of 20 males was divided into five sub‐groups according to age. Physiological parameters were recorded every 5 minutes during a 30‐minute period. A blood sample was drawn to analyze blood biochemistry.
Results
Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in the physiological parameters between the ketamine‐acepromazine and ketamine‐xylazine groups compared to the control group. The analysis of blood biochemistry found significant differences by age and by anesthetic mixture among all groups.
Conclusion
These findings contribute to standardizing this animal model in biological research.
“…Identification of primate ABO blood groups is indispensable in many blood-related research fields, such as organ transplantation and hematology1. However, monkeys do not express ABH antigens on their red blood cells (RBCs)2, making the accurate determination of blood type difficult.…”
ABH antigens are not expressed on the red blood cells of monkeys, making it difficult to accurately determine their blood type. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility, convenience, and stability of two non-invasive methods for ABO typing (a reverse gel system assay and a buccal mucosal cell immunofluorescent assay) in cynomolgus monkeys (n = 72). The renal tissue immunofluorescent assay was used to obtain an accurate blood type in the monkeys. Using the reverse gel system assay and preabsorbed serum, we achieved accurate detection of ABO blood groups in 65 of the 72 monkeys but obtained confusing results in the remaining 7. The original immunofluorescent staining of the buccal mucosal smears clearly and correctly identified the ABO blood groups in 50 of the 72 monkeys. After repeated smearing and staining, the ABO group type could be correctly identified in samples from the rest of the monkeys, which were either lacking sufficient buccal mucosal cells or contained impurities. Based on our findings, we recommend the reverse gel system assay as the first choice for primate blood type analysis, and the buccal mucosal cell immunofluorescent assay as a Supplementary Method whenever the reverse gel system assay fails to give a clear result.
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