Reference Values for the Trace Elements Copper, Manganese, Selenium, and Zinc in the Serum / Plasma of Children, Adolescents, and Adults

Rükgauer, M.; Klein, J.; Kruse-Jarres, J. D.

doi:10.1016/s0946-672x(97)80032-6

Cited by 193 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In our population, we did not observe gender differences for Zn status, which is in line with the similar findings in a number of studies (Rukgauer et al, 1997;Paik et al, 1999;Diaz Romero et al, 2002). However, Schumacher et al (1994) reported a higher serum mean Zn concentration in female subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Zinc intake and status in middle-aged and older European subjects: the ZENITH study

et al. 2005

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Objective: Inadequate intakes of micronutrients in elderly negatively affect the nutritional status. Zinc is an essential micronutrient in the elderly, especially in relation to its impact on immune function, bone mass, cognitive function and oxidative stress. However, data are lacking on zinc intake and status during normal ageing. In this study, we evaluate the intake and status of zinc in late middle-aged and older free-living subjects. Design: Dietary zinc intake and zinc status in 188 middle-aged subjects from Clermont-Ferrand (Fr) and Coleraine (UK), and in 199 older subjects from Grenoble (Fr) and Roma (It) were assessed at the entry in the ZENITH study. Results: In relation to the zinc RDA for people older than 55 y, zinc intakes in most of the middle-aged and older subjects (more than 96%) in the present study were adequate. Older people had significantly lower (Po0.01) energy intakes as compared to middle-aged. Zinc intake expressed per MJ was also significantly (Po0.01) higher in older people compared to middle-aged. Erythrocyte and urinary zinc concentrations were significantly (Po0.001) higher in middle-aged subjects compared to older ones. The prevalence of biological Zn deficiency in free-living ageing European people was low (o5%). Conclusion:The results of the present study showed a relatively low prevalence of zinc deficiencies in healthy free-living late middle-age and older subjects. These results should be useful for health professionals to have reference data on zinc intake and status for a healthy ageing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Zinc intake and status in middle-aged and older European subjects: the ZENITH study

et al. 2005

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“…However, plasma Zn concentrations obtained from the NDNS sample were similar to data from children, of similar ages, in France (Malvy et al, 1993), Germany (Rükgauer et al, 1997) and the USA (Pilch & Senti, 1985). While the present study showed a significant fall in plasma Zn concentration with age only in girls, no associations with age in both sexes, or between boys and girls, have been detected in French children aged 3-16 y (Malvy et al, 1993) or in German children aged 4-18 y (Rükgauer et al, 1997). However, serum Zn concentration did fall significantly with age in 150 Canadian girls (Lockitch et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Zinc and vitamin A intake and status in a national sample of British young people aged 4–18 y

2004

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Objective: To examine zinc and vitamin A intake and status and associated dietary, socio-demographic, lifestyle and physiological factors in British young people. Design: National Diet and Nutrition Survey of young people aged 4-18 y. Setting: Great Britain, 1997. Subjects: Complete 7-day weighed dietary records were provided by 1520 participants, while 1193 provided blood samples. Results: A total of 13 and 11% of participants respectively reported low dietary intakes of zinc and vitamin A (retinol equivalents), relative to the UK lower reference nutrient intake. These percentages were not altered significantly by including contributions to intake from supplements, mainly containing vitamin A (as retinol). Likelihood of low zinc and/or vitamin A intake was more often associated with age, sex and likely under-reporting of food consumption than with other sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Low zinc and vitamin A intakes were generally less likely in those with higher consumption of dairy foods (mainly milk). Zinc and vitamin A status (assessed by plasma zinc and retinol concentrations) were adequate in almost all participants. Plasma zinc concentration was not significantly associated with zinc intake. Plasma retinol concentration was correlated with vitamin A intake (overall r ¼ 0.17, Po0.001; adjusted for age and plasma a 1 -antichymotrypsin concentration) and increased significantly with age (Po0.001) in both sexes. A significant association was found between plasma zinc and retinol concentrations in boys only (r ¼ 0.17, P ¼ 0.001). Conclusion: Zinc and vitamin A intakes and status were generally adequate in this national sample of British young people. Sponsorship:Food Standards Agency, UK.

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“…Serum concentrations of Se were also observed to increase across age in young children in a German study (Ru¨kgauer et al, 1997). No change in Mn levels across ages 1-6 were observed in that study, as was true in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Concentration of metals in blood of Maine children 1–6 years old

Rice

Lincoln

Martha

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Blood lead concentrations are higher in young children than in other age groups, whereas little is known regarding concentrations of other metals in young children. We measured the concentrations of a suite of metals in the blood of children 1-6 years of age, and assessed potential differences by age, season, or region of Maine. We used blood submitted to the Maine State Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory for blood lead analysis to determine the concentrations of arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), tin (Sn), and uranium (U) in 1350 children 1-6 years of age. The essential metals Mn and Se were detected in all samples, and As and Sb were detected in 490% of samples. Hg was detected in approximately 60% of samples. U and Cd were less often detected in blood samples, at approximately 30% and 10% of samples, respectively. Sn was not detected in any sample. Concentrations of As, Hg, and Se increased with age, whereas Sb decreased with age. Concentrations also varied by season and region for some though not all metals. Significant pairwise correlations were observed for a number of metals. Blood is a reasonable compartment for measurement of most of these metals in young children. The use of convenience samples provided a cost-effective mechanism for assessing exposure of young children in Maine.

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Reference Values for the Trace Elements Copper, Manganese, Selenium, and Zinc in the Serum / Plasma of Children, Adolescents, and Adults

Cited by 193 publications

References 14 publications

Zinc intake and status in middle-aged and older European subjects: the ZENITH study

Zinc intake and status in middle-aged and older European subjects: the ZENITH study

Zinc and vitamin A intake and status in a national sample of British young people aged 4–18 y

Concentration of metals in blood of Maine children 1–6 years old

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