Reference Values and Comparison of Blood Chemistry and Plasma Protein Values Between Gold Standard Analyzers and Four Point-of-Care Devices in Free-Ranging Canvasbacks (Aythya Valisineria)

Anderson, Nancy; Cruz, Susan E. W. De La; Brenn-White, Maris; Frankfurter, Greg; Ziccardi, Michael H.; Martínez-López, Beatriz

doi:10.1638/2021-0035

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

2022

DOI: 10.1638/2021-0035

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Reference Values and Comparison of Blood Chemistry and Plasma Protein Values Between Gold Standard Analyzers and Four Point-of-Care Devices in Free-Ranging Canvasbacks (Aythya Valisineria)

Nancy Anderson¹,

Susan E. W. De La Cruz²,

Maris Brenn-White³

et al.

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Cited by 2 publications

References 73 publications

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Physiological differences between wild and captive animals: a century-old dilemma

Turko,

Firth,

Craig

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Laboratory-based research dominates the fields of comparative physiology and biomechanics. The power of lab work has long been recognized by experimental biologists. For example, in 1932, Georgy Gause published an influential paper in Journal of Experimental Biology describing a series of clever lab experiments that provided the first empirical test of competitive exclusion theory, laying the foundation for a field that remains active today. At the time, Gause wrestled with the dilemma of conducting experiments in the lab or the field, ultimately deciding that progress could be best achieved by taking advantage of the high level of control offered by lab experiments. However, physiological experiments often yield different, and even contradictory, results when conducted in lab versus field settings. This is especially concerning in the Anthropocene, as standard laboratory techniques are increasingly relied upon to predict how wild animals will respond to environmental disturbances to inform decisions in conservation and management. In this Commentary, we discuss several hypothesized mechanisms that could explain disparities between experimental biology in the lab and in the field. We propose strategies for understanding why these differences occur and how we can use these results to improve our understanding of the physiology of wild animals. Nearly a century beyond Gause's work, we still know remarkably little about what makes captive animals different from wild ones. Discovering these mechanisms should be an important goal for experimental biologists in the future.

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Physiological differences between wild and captive animals: a century-old dilemma

Turko,

Firth,

Craig

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Comparison of Hematocrit and Biochemical Analytes among Two Point-of-Care Analyzers (EPOC and i-STAT Alinity v) and a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in the African Savanna Elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)

Stratton

Heugten

Minter

2022

JZBG

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This study compared hematocrit measured with the EPOC and i-STAT Alinity v point-of-care analyzers and manual measurement of packed cell volume in managed African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) and southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). Biochemical analytes were also measured with the EPOC, i-STAT Alinity v, and a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in the same animals. Analytes assessed included blood urea nitrogen, chloride, creatinine, glucose, ionized calcium, potassium, and sodium. There were no differences for hematocrit values for African savanna elephants or southern white rhinoceros (p ≤ 0.05). In African savanna elephants, there were no differences between the EPOC and i-STAT Alinity v analyzers for any measured analytes except ionized calcium. When compared to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory, there were differences for a majority of the biochemical analytes measured on the EPOC and i-STAT Alinity v analyzers in African savanna elephants. In southern white rhinoceros, there were differences for a majority of analytes among all three analyzers. While differences existed among the portable analyzers and a veterinary diagnostic laboratory for biochemical analytes in both species, these numerically small differences are unlikely to be clinically significant. For routine health care of African savanna elephants and southern white rhinoceros, these point-of-care analyzers may be a useful alternative to commercial analyzers for the parameters evaluated.

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Reference Values and Comparison of Blood Chemistry and Plasma Protein Values Between Gold Standard Analyzers and Four Point-of-Care Devices in Free-Ranging Canvasbacks (Aythya Valisineria)

Cited by 2 publications

References 73 publications

Physiological differences between wild and captive animals: a century-old dilemma

Physiological differences between wild and captive animals: a century-old dilemma

Comparison of Hematocrit and Biochemical Analytes among Two Point-of-Care Analyzers (EPOC and i-STAT Alinity v) and a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in the African Savanna Elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)

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