Reference Standards for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measured With Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Using Cycle Ergometry: Data From the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database (FRIEND) Registry

2016 Focused Update: Clinical Recommendations for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Data Assessment in Specific Patient Populations

“…This policy statement resulted in the establishment of the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database Registry, which recently published normative aerobic capacity values for the United States. 6 Moreover, assessing the physiological response to aerobic exertion provides a wealth of information on potential underlying abnormalities that, if detected, would ideally be addressed before the subject is diagnosed with a noncommunicable disease or suffers an initial adverse event. It should be noted that an apparently healthy designation indicates the absence of a medical diagnosis as opposed to good health and high cardiorespiratory fitness.…”

“…Nonetheless, apparently healthy individuals may undergo CPX services through gym memberships, hospital-or university-based health and wellness centers, private companies that provide CPX services for self-pay, and executive health assessments. In addition, normative aerobic capacity values, derived from large cohorts in the United States 6 and Europe, 62 have recently been published, demonstrating an increased recognition of the performance of this assessment in apparently healthy individuals. Given that there are avenues for apparently healthy individuals to undergo CPX and recent publications, 6,62 the writing group felt that an evidence-based algorithm is warranted at this time.…”

“…6,9,10 Because of an abundance of new CPX research in recent years and a reassessment of the current algorithms in light of the body of evidence, a focused update to the 2012 scientific statement is now warranted. The purposes of this update are to confirm algorithms included in the initial scientific statement not requiring revision, to propose revisions to algorithms included in the initial scientific statement, to propose new algorithms based on emerging scientific evidence, to further clarify the application of oxygen consumption (V ⋅ o 2 ) at ventilatory threshold (VT), to describe CPX variables with an emerging scientific evidence base, to describe the synergistic value of combining CPX with other assessments, to discuss personnel considerations for CPX laboratories, and to provide recommendations for future CPX research.…”

Reference values for blood pressure response to cycle ergometry in the first two decades of life: comparison with patients with a repaired coarctation of the aorta

“…Applying these Dutch references to other countries could lead to misdiagnosis of an otherwise healthy child. Therefore should future studies collect pediatric CPET data among larger global multicenter initiatives in the same manner as has been done in the recent FRIEND database [34].…”

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Leisure Time Physical Activity are Low in Young Men with Elevated Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

“…The results suggest that young men screening positive for adult ADHD are characterized by low CRF. Mean CRF was low by a large Cohen's d effect size magnitude compared to several age-(20 to 29 years) and sex-matched reference groups, including when comparisons were made with samples of (i) 199 Norwegian men tested using cycle ergometry (d=-2.0) [8], (ii) 288 United States participants from the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who completed treadmill tests (d=-0.83) [24] and (iii) 513 participants who completed treadmill tests in one of eight laboratories in the United States (d=-0.94) [25]. CRF varies by country and exercise testing mode.…”