Reference range data base for serum chemistry and hematology values in laboratory animals

Wolford, Suzanne T.; SCHROER, R. A.; Gohs, Frank; Gallo, Piero; Brodeck, M; Falk, H; R, Ruhren

doi:10.1080/15287398609530859

Cited by 295 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It should be noted that the physiological range for hematological parameters in toxicological studies may vary based on gender (related to size and hormonal differences), age, animal strain, and test methods, among others. Representative physiological ranges for hematological parameters in untreated Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean age of 3.7 months (males) and 3.9 months (females) can be found in Lillie et al (1996) and Wolford et al (1986). Data from Sprague-Dawley rats are referenced because they represent the most commonly used rat strain among those represented in the studies discussed in later sections of this paper.…”

Section: Hematological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

McKee

Adenuga

Carrillo

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions derived from petroleum processing streams, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, with carbon numbers ranging from approximately C5-C20 and boiling between approximately 35-370°C. Many of the hydrocarbon solvents have complex and variable compositions with constituents of 4 types, alkanes (normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and cycloparaffins) and aromatics (primarily alkylated one-and tworing species). Because of the compositional complexity, hydrocarbon solvents are now identified by a nomenclature ("the naming convention") that describes them in terms of physical/ chemical properties and compositional elements. Despite the compositional complexity, most hydrocarbon solvent constituents have similar toxicological properties, and the overall toxicological hazards can be characterized in generic terms. To facilitate hazard characterization, the solvents were divided into 9 groups (categories) of substances with similar physical and chemical properties. Hydrocarbon solvents can cause chemical pneumonitis if aspirated into the lung, and those that are volatile can cause acute CNS effects and/or ocular and respiratory irritation at exposure levels exceeding occupational recommendations. Otherwise, there are few toxicologically important effects. The exceptions, n-hexane and naphthalene, have unique toxicological properties, and those solvents containing constituents for which classification is required under the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) are differentiated by the substance names. Toxicological information from studies of representative substances was used to fulfill REACH registration requirements and to satisfy the needs of the OECD High Production Volume (HPV) initiative. As shown in the examples provided, the hazard characterization data can be used for hazard classification and for occupational exposure limit recommendations. Introduction Scope and purpose of the documentThe present document summarizes information on the physical/ chemical properties and toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents and provides examples of the ways in which the information on hazard characterization can be used for hazard classification and to set occupational exposure limits. Many of the toxicological studies were published separately, but the results are summarized herein and referenced in the appendices.Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions that are primarily produced by the distillation of petroleum feed stocks or their synthetic analogs (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch derived materials), sometimes followed by additional processing steps such as solvent extraction, hydrodesulfurization, or hydrogenation. 1 Most hydrocarbon solvents are complex substances with variable compositions and are best described as UVCB 2 (unknown and variable composition) substances, but some are single constituent (mono-constituent) substances. The complex and variable nature of these solvents is the consequence of their manufacturing processes. In short, most hydroca...

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Section: Hematological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

McKee

Adenuga

Carrillo

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…As results of the hematological observations against 14 items, all items in all LMF treated rats were ranged in the normal age-matched rats (Wolford et al, 1986). In the serum biochemistry, all items in all LMF treated rats were also ranged in the normal age-matched rats (Wolford et al, 1986) except for dose-independent sporadic decreases of LDH and CPK levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In the serum biochemistry, all items in all LMF treated rats were also ranged in the normal age-matched rats (Wolford et al, 1986) except for dose-independent sporadic decreases of LDH and CPK levels. Increases of LDH and CPK levels were indicated the muscle necrosis or heart injuries, but the decreases of serum LDH and CPK levels have been regarded as not meaningful changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

14 Days Repeat Oral Dose Toxicity of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan in Rats

Yoon¹,

Shin²,

Lee³

et al. 2010

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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-In order to investigate the preliminary repeat oral dose toxicity and to determine the highest dosage for further 4-week repeated dose toxicity test, Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMF) has been showed various pharmacological effects, was orally administered to female and male rats, once a day for 14 days at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (vehicle control) mg/kg (body weights) in a volume of 10 ml/kg. The mortality and changes on the body weights, clinical signs, hematology, serum biochemistry and gross observations were monitored with organ weight and histopathology of principle organs. As the results of 14-day repeated oral treatment of LMF, no LMF treatment related mortalities were detected up to 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female rats, respectively. In addition, no noticeable changes on the body weight and clinical signs were detected except for significant decreases on the body weights and gains restricted to male 2,000 mg/kg treated groups as compared with male vehicle control. No meaningful changes on the organ weights, hematological, serum biochemistrical, gross and histopathological findings were observed. Therefore the highest dosage in the 4-week repeated dose toxicity test is suggested as 2,000 mg/kg in both female and male rats, respectively.

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“…Chronic progressive nephropathy is a very common aging change in many strains of rats (Hard and Khan 2004). Glomerular filtration rate decreases with age in rodents resulting in a progressive rise in urea nitrogen and creatinine (Lindena et al 1980), whereas glomerular leakage increases with age, resulting in albuminuria and proteinuria (Neuhaus and Flory 1978;Wolford et al 1986). …”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Best Practices for Clinical Pathology Testing in Carcinogenicity Studies

et al. 2011

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The Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) and American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASCVP) convened a Clinical Pathology in Carcinogenicity Studies Working Group to recommend best practices for inclusion of clinical pathology testing in carcinogenicity studies. Regulatory guidance documents and literature were reviewed, and veterinary pathologists from North America, Japan, and Europe were surveyed regarding current practices, perceived value, and recommendations for clinical pathology testing in carcinogenicity studies. For two-year rodent carcinogenicity studies, the Working Group recommends that clinical pathology testing be limited to collection of blood smears at scheduled and unscheduled sacrifices to be examined only if indicated to aid in the diagnosis of possible hematopoietic neoplasia following histopathologic evaluation. Additional clinical pathology testing is most appropriately used to address specific issues from prior toxicity studies or known test article-related class effects. Inadequate data were available to make a recommendation concerning clinical pathology testing for alternative six-month carcinogenicity assays using genetically modified mice, although the Working Group suggests that it may be appropriate to use the same approach as for two-year carcinogenicity studies since the study goal is the same.

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Reference range data base for serum chemistry and hematology values in laboratory animals

Cited by 295 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

14 Days Repeat Oral Dose Toxicity of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan in Rats

Best Practices for Clinical Pathology Testing in Carcinogenicity Studies

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