Reference Intervals for Bile Acids and Protein Electrophoresis in Plasma of Captive Panther Chameleons (Furcifer pardalis): A First Approach

Laube, Alexandra; Altherr, Barblin; Clauss, Marcus; Hatt, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.5818/17-12-139.1

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the review of EPH data from panther chameleons, those that were clinically abnormal and later died had A/G ratios below the RI. 79 In other studies, plasma from red-eared sliders exposed to ranavirus showed significant increases in beta globulins and decreased albumin and alpha globulins. 122 Notably, levels of gamma globulins in nesting leatherback sea turtles correlated with hatching success and emergence.…”

Section: Rep Tilian S Pecie Smentioning

confidence: 85%

“…45,48,69,75,76 Additional studies in various reptile species have demonstrated the necessity of method-specific RIs with the use of CZE in Hermann's tortoise, green turtle, red-eared slider, map turtle, panther chameleon, and boa constrictor. 29,47,[77][78][79] Differences in alpha and beta globulins were also reported in the black-headed ibis, chicken, black kite, and racing pigeon. 46,80 It is not uncommon to discern multiple globulin fractions using CZE.…”

Section: Capillary Zone Electrophoresismentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Whereas clear alpha-1 and 2 fractions can be observed in the panther chameleon, two bands observed in Hermann's tortoise were grouped as a single alpha globulin fraction. 29,79 Differentiating the various globulins can be challenging. A calculation of a relative migration distance is problematic given the varied fraction migration characteristics of different species.…”

Section: Challenges In Fraction Migration and Delimitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…118 Other studies have described the protein electrophoretogram of the panther chameleon, box turtle, rattlesnake, tortoise species, indigo snake, and crocodile. 22,29,78,79,[103][104][105]107,[119][120][121] Changes in protein electrophoretograms have been described in the clinical investigations of many species. The A/G ratio was reported to be decreased in the common iguana with hepatic, renal, and inflammatory skin diseases.…”

Section: Rep Tilian S Pecie Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Overall, the use of EPH is supported as an adjunct diagnostic and research tool in reptiles. 79,119 Protein electrophoretic methods have also been used to describe differences in geographic locations, seasons, and sexes in field studies. Differences in free-ranging vs captive animals were also noted.…”

Section: Rep Tilian S Pecie Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein electrophoresis of non‐traditional species: A review

Cray

2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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EPH can provide information regarding serum or plasma proteins, including albumin and globulins, that can be broadly classified based on their migration. The globulin fractions can reveal inflammation as well as polyclonal and monoclonal gammopathies. Detection of the latter, also named paraproteins, is one of the most common applications of EPH in human medicine as clinicians have a large toolbox of specific assays for various acute-phase proteins (APPs) that allow them to more specifically gauge inflammation. 1,2 In veterinary medicine, given the advances in species-specific and cross-reactive reagents for major APP in traditional species, including dogs, cats, and horses, these tools can complement the use of EPH in its valid quantitation of albumin and detection of paraproteinemia. [3][4][5][6][7][8] In non-traditional species, including birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians, invertebrates, small exotic mammals, and non-domesticated mammals, EPH can also be used as an aid to the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disease, but its primary use is in the detection of inflammation and polyclonal gammopathies. For many of these species, reagents are not yet available or widely validated to quantitate APPs. The valid quantitation of albumin, a key negative APP, by biochemistry analyzer methods, remains a major issue. Moreover, in non-mammalian species, as innate immunity is perhaps the essential, diverse, and robust immune response, EPH can provide even more value. 9,10 Challenges in the applications of EPH in these special species include a lack of standardization of fraction delimiter placements, RIs, and information regarding fraction composition. This paper reviews the applications of EPH in non-traditional species as well as the currently available methodology. Additional reviews on this subject with a varied focus are also available. [11][12][13][14][15] | APPLI C ATI ON S OF EPH IN NON -TR ADITIONAL S PECIE S | Detection of monoclonal gammopathyAs described in mammals, EPH is a key tool in the detection of paraproteins. 2,3 This application has also been demonstrated in nontraditional species. 16,17 In electrophoretograms of avian plasma,

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Section: Rep Tilian S Pecie Smentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Capillary Zone Electrophoresismentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Challenges In Fraction Migration and Delimitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rep Tilian S Pecie Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rep Tilian S Pecie Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein electrophoresis of non‐traditional species: A review

Cray

2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Establishment of reference intervals for plasma protein electrophoresis and comparison of biochemical and protein electrophoresis evaluation of albumin in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)

Jaensch¹,

Howard²

2022

Aust Veterinary J

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The aim of this study is to develop a reference interval for plasma protein electrophoresis for wild free-roaming central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). This will assist the veterinarian in diagnosing and monitoring diseases in wild and captive animals. The study group consisted of 29 wild central bearded dragons of which 22 were males and 7 were females. The plasma samples were obtained from animals in a previous study and were stored frozen at À20 C for 2-3 years before analysis. Plasma protein electrophoresis was performed on 100 uL of plasma. The data were evaluated for the difference between reproductively active females and pooled males with non-reproductively active females as well as the difference between biochemical and protein electrophoresis albumin. Biochemical albumin was found to be significantly higher than electrophoresis albumin in all animals, with a mild proportional bias present. Plasma protein electrophoresis identified albumin, α À 1 and 2, β À 1 and 2 and γ fractions. The reproductively active females in this study exhibited results that were distinct from pooled males and non-reproductively active females. This study provides a reference interval for plasma protein electrophoresis in central bearded dragons that can be used as a tool for health and disease monitoring and diagnosis. The importance of the use of method and sex/season appropriate reference intervals in reptile medicine is confirmed in this study.

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