Reference Electrodes for Molten Electrolytes

Minh, Nguyễn Quang; Redey, L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1847-7_4

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 285 publications

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“…Even studies on how to develop a reference electrode for molten fluoride salt are available. For developing an appropriate reference electrode, the following parameters must be taken into account: the reversibility of the electrode system, the stability and reproducibility of the potential, the stability of the reference electrode materials, the impedance of the reference electrode, and the compatibility of the reference electrode with the type of measurement . These are the characteristics that will be used to analyze the usefulness of each presented reference electrode with an emphasis on stability of the potential and stability of the electrode materials, as these mostly pertain to the requirements of this application.…”

Section: On‐line Purification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ni/Ni 2+ reference electrode has been widely used in the literature . This reference electrode uses the reaction shown by

Ni ⇄ {Ni}^{2 +} + 2 e

…”

Section: On‐line Purification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nickel–nickel reference electrode possesses reversible behavior, and a stable and reproducible standard potential. It has been shown that the potential can remain constant for at least 11 days . The previously mentioned container materials are compatible with fluoride molten salts at high temperatures, although some temperature restrictions have been noted for boron nitride and thermal cycling is an issue for the LaF 3 crystal .…”

Section: On‐line Purification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reference electrode system is compatible with cyclic voltammetry. Other metal/metal ion reference electrode such as Ag/Ag + and Fe/Fe 2+ have also been proposed and tests …”

Section: On‐line Purification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impurities in Primary Coolant Salt of FHRs: Chemistry, Impact, and Removal Methods

Zhang

2019

Energy Tech

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The fluoride salt‐cooled high‐temperature reactor (FHR) is one of the Gen. IV reactor concepts. Considering the complexity of salt chemistry, radiation risk, impurity‐induced material corrosion, and impurity‐induced solid precipitation, the salt chemistry should be well controlled. Therefore, molten salt cleanup systems are needed in operation. Based on the experience of molten salt reactors (MSRs) and available data, the present study identifies the types of impurities, their potential sources, and their impact in FHR primary coolants. Cleanup methods for each type of impurity and future research activities are also discussed.

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Section: On‐line Purification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ni/Ni 2+ reference electrode has been widely used in the literature . This reference electrode uses the reaction shown by

Ni ⇄ {Ni}^{2 +} + 2 e

…”

Section: On‐line Purification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: On‐line Purification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reference electrode system is compatible with cyclic voltammetry. Other metal/metal ion reference electrode such as Ag/Ag + and Fe/Fe 2+ have also been proposed and tests …”

Section: On‐line Purification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impurities in Primary Coolant Salt of FHRs: Chemistry, Impact, and Removal Methods

Zhang

2019

Energy Tech

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“…Molten fluoride systems are particularly aggressive and place even additional requirements upon the containment material compared to molten chloride systems. Minh and Redey (1987) provide a comprehensive review of requirements and electrodes developed for various systems. They express the critical need of a stable electrode with known potential for studies into the thermodynamic properties of molten salt systems.…”

Section: Reference Electrodes For Electrochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Design of Forced Convection Molten Salt Heat Transfer Testing Loop

Sohal¹,

Sabharwall²,

Calderoni³

et al. 2010

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This report develops a proposal to design and construct a forced convection test loop. A detailed test plan will then be conducted to obtain data on heat transfer, thermodynamic, and corrosion characteristics of the molten salts and fluid-solid interaction. In particular, this report outlines an experimental research and development test plan. The most important initial requirement for heat transfer test of molten salt systems is the establishment of reference coolant materials to use in the experiments. An earlier report produced within the same project highlighted how thermophysical properties of the materials that directly impact the heat transfer behavior are strongly correlated to the composition and impurities concentration of the melt. It is therefore essential to establish laboratory techniques that can measure the melt composition, and to develop purification methods that would allow the production of large quantities of coolant with the desired purity. A companion report describes the options available to reach such objectives. In particular, that report outlines an experimental research and development test plan that would include following steps:• Molten salts: The candidate molten salts for investigation will be selected.• Materials of construction: Materials of construction for the test loop, heat exchangers, and fluid-solid corrosion tests in the test loop will also be selected.• Scaling analysis: Scaling analysis to design the test loop will be performed.• Test plan: A comprehensive test plan to include all the tests that are being planned in the short and long term time frame will be developed.• Design the test loop: The forced convection test loop will be designed including extensive mechanical design, instrument selection, data acquisition system, safety requirements, and related precautionary measures.• Fabricate the test loop.

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Corrosion in Molten Salts

2018

High Temperature Corrosion

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Reference Electrodes for Molten Electrolytes

Cited by 17 publications

References 285 publications

Impurities in Primary Coolant Salt of FHRs: Chemistry, Impact, and Removal Methods

Impurities in Primary Coolant Salt of FHRs: Chemistry, Impact, and Removal Methods

Conceptual Design of Forced Convection Molten Salt Heat Transfer Testing Loop

Corrosion in Molten Salts

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