Reference data on gains in weight and length during the first two years of life

Guo, Shutao; Roche, Alex F.; Fomon, Samuel J.; Nelson, Steven E.; Chumlea, William Cameron; Rogers, Ronald R.; Baumgartner, Richard N.; Ziegler, Ekhard E.; Siervogel, Roger M.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82045-1

Cited by 118 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…During the early months of life, much of the variability in weight gain is the result of variability in fat deposition. As indicated by the data of Guo et al (12) for the 2-mo intervals birth to 2, 1 to 3, 2 to 4, 3 to 5, and 4 to 6 mo of age, 2 SD for gain in length average about 26% of the mean; after 6 mo of age, the variability in gain in length is less than before 6 mo of age.…”

Section: Rdi Of Proteinmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…To permit expression of intakes in relation to body weight, an estimate of body weight at the beginning and end of each age interval was made and the average of the two values was used. The mean birth weight was assumed to be 3.4 kg, and the monthly gains were taken from the data of Guo et al (12), with a correction for the 8% lesser rate of gain of male breast-fed than of male formula-fed infants…”

Section: Model O F Breast-fed Infantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Requirements and Recommended Dietary Intakes of Protein during Infancy

Fomon

1991

Pediatr Res

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Abbreviations RDI, recommended dietary intakeIf it were possible to determine by direct experimentation the intakes of protein that would at specified ages meet the needs of 97 or 98% of normal infants, these quantities could be specified as the RDI. The mean or 50th percentile value for requirement, the intake that would meet the needs of approximately half of the normal infant population, would then be of much less interest. However, in the absence of such evidence from direct experimentation, the most practical approach is to estimate the protein intake that meets the mean requirement, and then to increase the value to account for individual variability, with the result that the RDI would be sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all infants.The factorial approach is commonly used to estimate the mean requirement of infants for protein. For reasons that will be presented, it seems likely that the protein intakes of breast-fed infants are near the requirement level. If this is the case, requirements for protein estimated by the factorial approach can be compared with intakes by breast-fed infants, and any major discrepancy between estimated requirements and such intakes will require explanation.

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Section: Rdi Of Proteinmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Model O F Breast-fed Infantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirements and Recommended Dietary Intakes of Protein during Infancy

Fomon

1991

Pediatr Res

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“…For measurements of weight and length, the procedures described by Guo et al (1) were fol lowed, explained in a video tape to obtain standardized mea surements. During each visit, dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative dietary recall method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations of Growth Charts Derived from Longitudinal Studies: The Euro-Growth Study

Hof¹,

Haschke²

1997

Int J Sports Med

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Length and weight for age (1-12 months) charts are pre sented for the longitudinal Euro-Growth Study. "Weight-forlength", another widely used growth chart, presents a problem from a methodological point of view. Target length values (53-77 cm) are not observed in all infants, leading to truncated age distributions at most target lengths. It was demonstrated that the age at which the target length was reached (Fig. 8) had a significant influence on weight especially at a smaller length. This implies that the weight-for-length charts are biased. This phenomenon is due to the longitudinal measurement schedule at prechosen ages and not at prechosen lengths, which is im possible. To obtain the desired length-corrected weight stan dards, it is advocated to construct age-related body mass indi ces. 11

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“…Children with PI Ն10th centile of the reference (15) were defined as proportionate and those with PI <10th centile were defined as non-proportionate. Catch-up growth was defined as length and weight increments greater than the 50th centile of the reference values (16).…”

Section: Anthropometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-1 are related to cortisol in human cord blood

Cianfarani

Germani

Rossi³

et al. 1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: To assess cortisol concentrations in cord blood and investigate their relationships with the IGF system. Study design: Fifteen newborns with birth weight appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 30 children with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) were studied. Serum samples were collected from umbilical cord blood and cortisol, IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs)-1 and -3 were measured. IUGR infants were followed up for 3 months with repeated measurements of weight, supine length and knee-heel length (by knemometry). Results: IUGR newborns showed significantly greater concentrations of IGFBP-1 (P<0·0001) and lower concentrations of IGF-I (P < 0.0001) and IGFBP-3 (P < 0.0001) than did controls. In AGA children, cortisol correlated inversely with IGF-I (r ¼ ¹0.75, P < 0.002) and directly with IGFBP-1 (r ¼ 0.52, P < 0·05), whereas no correlation between cortisol and IGF system-related variables was observed in IUGR. Finally, in IUGR children an inverse correlation was found between length gain in the first trimester of life and cortisol concentrations at birth (r ¼ ¹0.54, P < 0.005). Conclusions: Cortisol might be a physiological regulator of fetal growth, at least in the last part of pregnancy, by modulating IGF-I and IGFBP-1 release under conditions of fetal stress. In IUGR children, a rearrangement of this growth control mechanism seems to occur. The close inverse relationship of cortisol with linear growth, if confirmed by large-scale studies, suggests cord blood cortisol to be potentially predictive of early postnatal catch-up growth in IUGR infants.

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Reference data on gains in weight and length during the first two years of life

Cited by 118 publications

References 22 publications

Requirements and Recommended Dietary Intakes of Protein during Infancy

Requirements and Recommended Dietary Intakes of Protein during Infancy

Limitations of Growth Charts Derived from Longitudinal Studies: The Euro-Growth Study

IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-1 are related to cortisol in human cord blood

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