Reference Correlations for Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Water at 0.1MPa

Abstract

Simple but highly accurate correlations have been developed for the thermodynamic properties (including density, heat capacity, and speed of sound), viscosity, thermal conductivity, and static dielectric constant of liquid water as a function of temperature at a pressure of 0.1MPa. The calculations may be simply extended to a pressure range from the saturation pressure to 0.3MPa. The temperature range covered in most cases is from 253.15to383.15K; this includes some temperatures where liquid water is metastable. These correlations are designed to reproduce the best available data, which in most cases are described by formulations issued by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). The equations presented here are simple enough to be used in applications such as spreadsheets. They provide a convenient alternative to the more complicated IAPWS formulations in cases where only liquid properties at near-atmospheric pressure are of interest without increasing the uncertainty beyond that of the more complex formulations.

Thermodynamic properties of seawater, ice and humid air: TEOS-10, before and beyond

“…In contrast, Gibbs functions take multiple values in the T -p vicinity of the saturation curve where liquid and gas coexist so that in practice two separate Gibbs functions, g W and g V , respectively, are specified for liquid and vapour. Consistent with TEOS-10, there is an equation for the Gibbs function for liquid water under oceanographic conditions (Feistel, 2003;IAPWS SR7-09, 2009), an equation for the Gibbs function for liquid water at atmospheric pressure (Pátek et al, 2009;IAPWS SR6-08, 2011) and a virial expansion of the Gibbs function for water vapour . Recently, a Gibbs function for supercooled, metastable liquid water has also been developed (IAPWS G12-15, 2015) which is not included in TEOS-10.…”

“…Not implemented in TEOS-10, by contrast, is an alternative approach of considering seawater composition anomalies by means of Pitzer equations and related numerical models, such as FREZCHEM (Marion and Grant, 1994;Feistel and Marion, 2007;Pawlowicz, 2008Feistel et al, 2010d;Pawlowicz and Feistel, 2012). This method accounts for stoichiometric details, assuming a completely known solute composition, in contrast to Millero's rule, in which only the total mass of the solute is relevant, regardless of the particular composition.…”

Crossover Equation and the Vapor Pressure of Supercooled Water

“…There are several ways to get c p,liq for temperatures between 236 K and 273 K. The data for c p,liq from [4,14] are used in this temperature interval.…”

Synthetic and Continuous Jets Impinging on a Circular Cylinder

“…In this work, k is always evaluated using the film temperature T f = (T w +T ∞ )/2 via the formula for water provided by Pátek et al [72]. Note that T ∞ is coincident with the jet temperature at the slot exit.…”