Reference Charts for Fetal Cerebellar Vermis Height: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study of 10605 Fetuses

Cignini, Pietro; Giorlandino, Maurizio; Brutti, Pierpaolo; Mangiafico, Lucia; Aloisi, Alessia; Giorlandino, Claudio

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147528

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…11 Work by Cignini et al reported the mean values to increase from 7 mm at 17 weeks to 20 mm at 30 weeks. 8 A strong correlation, r = 0.87, was found between the parameter and gestational age. Vinals et al found a linear correlation of vermal length with gestational age (r > 0.82).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…6 Hence measuring the different parameters of vermis and to create a normogram for it would help us to ascertain the abnormalities as well as also benefit the estimation of gestational age. 7,8 Misdiagnosis of vermal dysgenesis by sonography in axial plane may also be prevented with the help of reference values in sagittal vermal diameters that are obtained by autopsy findings. 9 Aim of the present study was to establish an association between the cerebellar parameters and the advancing gestational age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vermal Length and Transcerebellar Diameter in Gestational Age Estimation: A Guide to Forensic Expert

Ahmad

Jethani

Singh

et al. 2019

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

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Background Transcerebellar diameter is one of the reliable, constant predicting parameters to assess the gestational age and fetal growth. Other than this, measurements of vermis, mostly the vermal length (height), have also been mentioned by authors to assess gestational age. Establishing a correlation between parameters and advancing gestation would be helpful in estimating the gestational age of fetus. Aims and Objectives To establish a correlation of vermal length and transcerebellar diameter with gestational age. Materials and Methods An observational and descriptive study conducted on 60 formalin-fixed human cerebellums. Fetuses with gross congenital/neurological abnormality were excluded. Fetuses were grouped into four groups—group 1 (13–17 weeks), group 2 (18–22 weeks), group 3 (23–27 weeks), and group 4 (28–32 weeks of gestation). Vermal length and transcerebellar diameter were measured with help of Vernier calipers. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 20.0 and one-way analysis of variance. Observation A linear increase in vermal length parameters and transcerebellar diameter were seen with increasing gestational age. Regression analysis was done and regression equation was derived for each parameter. Conclusion Such correlations would help in fetal age determination in the field of forensic studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vermal Length and Transcerebellar Diameter in Gestational Age Estimation: A Guide to Forensic Expert

Ahmad

Jethani

Singh

et al. 2019

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

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“…In addition, reductions in 2D linear measurements of vermian height, width and surface area were seen in the DS cerebellum compared with controls from 21 weeks GA. Whilst not conventionally performed in clinical practice, the fetal cerebellar vermis has successfully been measured on ultrasound 41,42 and it is possible that additional vermis height measures during the fetal anomaly US scan, might increase the non-invasive detection of fetuses with T21 at an earlier time point. Mouse models of DS have implicated the gene Dyrk1A in specific structural and functional cerebellar phenotypes, including reduced volume 43 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early alterations in cortical and cerebellar regional brain growth in Down Syndrome: An in-vivo fetal and neonatal MRI assessment

Patkee

Baburamani

Kyriakopoulou

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Down Syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability with a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental outcomes. At present, the relationship between structural brain morphology and the spectrum of cognitive phenotypes in DS, is not well understood. This study aimed to quantify development of the fetal and neonatal brain in DS using dedicated, optimised and motion-corrected invivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We detected deviations in development and altered regional brain growth in the fetus with DS from 21 weeks' gestation, when compared to age-matched controls.Reduced cerebellar volume was apparent in the second trimester with significant alteration in cortical growth becoming evident during the third trimester. Developmental abnormalities in the cortex and cerebellum are likely substrates for later neurocognitive impairment, and ongoing studies will allow us to confirm the role of antenatal MRI as an early biomarker for subsequent cognitive ability in DS. In the era of rapidly developing technologies, it is hoped that the results of this study will assist counselling for prospective parents.

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“…In the case of linear models, there is the concern that extrapolation of results may lead to errors. In addition, ultrasonographic data become scarce in later gestational weeks, and it is more advisable to rely on non-linear models, which have only been proposed in a few papers describing human cerebellar development (Chavez et al 2004;Cignini et al 2016). Based on voxel measurements of mouse cerebellum in MRI, Szulc et al (2015) stated that the non-linear model (polynomial of degree three) was the best fit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical models of human cerebellar development in the fetal period

2018

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The evaluation of cerebellar growth in the fetal period forms a part of a widely used examination to identify any features of abnormalities in early stages of human development. It is well known that the development of anatomical structures, including the cerebellum, does not always follow a linear model of growth. The aim of the study was to analyse a variety of mathematical models of human cerebellar development in fetal life to determine their adequacy. The study comprised 101 fetuses (48 males and 53 females) between the 15th and 28th weeks of fetal life. The cerebellum was exposed and measurements of the vermis and hemispheres were performed, together with statistical analyses. The mathematical model parameters of fetal growth were assessed for crown-rump length (CRL) increases, transverse cerebellar diameter and ventrodorsal dimensions of the cerebellar vermis in the transverse plane, and rostrocaudal dimensions of the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres in the frontal plane. A variety of mathematical models were applied, including linear and non-linear functions. Taking into consideration the variance between models and measurements, as well as correlation parameters, the exponential and Gompertz models proved to be the most suitable for modelling cerebellar growth in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. However, the linear model gave a satisfactory approximation of cerebellar growth, especially in older fetuses. The proposed models of fetal cerebellar growth constructed on the basis of anatomical examination and objective mathematical calculations could be useful in the estimation of fetal development.

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Reference Charts for Fetal Cerebellar Vermis Height: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study of 10605 Fetuses

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Vermal Length and Transcerebellar Diameter in Gestational Age Estimation: A Guide to Forensic Expert

Vermal Length and Transcerebellar Diameter in Gestational Age Estimation: A Guide to Forensic Expert

Early alterations in cortical and cerebellar regional brain growth in Down Syndrome: An in-vivo fetal and neonatal MRI assessment

Mathematical models of human cerebellar development in the fetal period

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