Refeeding abolishes beneficial effects of severe calorie restriction from birth on adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis of adult rats

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

The intracellular energy state will alter under the influence of physiological or pathological stimuli. In response to this change, cells usually mobilize various molecules and their mechanisms to promote the stability of the intracellular energy status. Mitochondria are the main source of ATP. Previous studies have found that the function of mitochondria is impaired in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic diseases, and the damaged mitochondria bring lower ATP production, which further worsens the progression of the disease. Silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1) is a multipotent molecule that participates in the regulation of important biological processes in cells, including cellular metabolism, cell senescence, and inflammation. In this review, we mainly discuss that promoting the expression and activity of SIRT1 contributes to alleviating the energy stress produced by physiological and pathological conditions. The review also discusses the mechanism of precise regulation of SIRT1 expression and activity in various dimensions. Finally, according to the characteristics of this mechanism in promoting the recovery of mitochondrial function, the relationship between current pharmacological preparations and aging, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and other diseases was analyzed.

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relieving Cellular Energy Stress in Aging, Neurodegenerative, and Metabolic Diseases, SIRT1 as a Therapeutic and Promising Node

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

“…The rats were accommodated in a metabolic chamber (airflow = 1.0 L/min) coupled to a computer-monitored indirect calorimeter (Oxyleptro, Harvard Apparatus, Spain) for resting oxygen consumption records. The calorimetric parameters were measured using a respiratory-based software program (software Metaoxy, Harvard Apparatus, Spain) 14 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thorax was opened, and the heart was dissected and retrogradely perfused in the Langendorff apparatus with Krebs–Ringer solution (in mmol⋅L − 1 : NaCl, 118.40; KCl, 4.70; KH 2 PO 4 , 1.17; MgSO 4 , 1.17; CaCl 2 , 2.50; glucose, 11.65; and NaHCO 3 , 26.30) at 37 ± 1 °C and constant pressure (65 mm Hg) and oxygenation (5% CO 2 and 95% O 2 ). Contractility (+ dP/dt), relaxation (− dP/dt) indexes and heart rate (HR) were calculated using the AcqKnowledge software (TSD 104A, Biopac Systems Inc., Santa Barbara, California, USA) 14 . After cardiac function records, left ventricles were dissected, weighed, divided into fragments, and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy for mitochondrial density quantification 16 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for analysis. Cross-sections were used (~ 10 fields per animal), and the cell area length of ≥ 100 adipocytes or myocytes per animal, respectively, were evaluated 14 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hearts were perfused (Langendorff technique) for cardiac function records. A fragment of the gastrocnemius muscle was processed (transmission electron microscopy) for mitochondrial density analyses, and portions of the retroperitoneal fat were removed, weighed, and fixed in 4% Bouin to measure adipocyte area [14][15][16] .…”

Section: Post-training Measurements and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Superior cardiometabolic and cellular adaptive responses to multiple versus single daily sessions of high-intensity interval training in Wistar rats

Mendes

Costa-Pereira

Andrade

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

This study aimed to compare in rats the cardiometabolic and cellular adaptative responses to 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed in a single (1xHIIT) or three shorter daily sessions (3xHIIT). Male Wistar rats were assigned to untrained (n = 10), 1xHIIT (n = 10), and 3xHIIT (n = 10) groups. Both HIIT groups performed 15 min of a treadmill run five times per week for 8 weeks. The 1xHIIT performed single daily sessions of 15 min, and the 3xHIIT performed three daily sessions of 5 min with an interval of 4 h between sessions. Resting VO2 and VO2max were measured using a metabolic chamber; blood pressure and heart rate were measured by plethysmography; body composition was estimated by DEXA; Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed; after euthanasia, hearts, gastrocnemius, and visceral fat were harvested for analysis of cardiac function, histology, and morphology. Mitochondrial densities of the gastrocnemius and left ventricle muscles were determined by electron microscopy. 3xHIIT induced similar positive adaptative responses to 1xHIIT on resting VO2 and VO2max, cardiac function, and mitochondria density. 3xHIIT was superior to 1xHIIT in reducing visceral fat weight and adipocyte size and improving insulin tolerance. Multiple short daily bouts of HIIT may be superior to single HIIT daily sessions in improving cardiometabolic and cellular adaptations in rats.

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

Interactions between emotions and eating behaviors: Main issues, neuroimaging contributions, and innovative preventive or corrective strategies

Godet

Fortier

Bannier

et al. 2022

Emotional eating is commonly defined as the tendency to (over)eat in response to emotion.Insofar as it involves the (over)consumption of high-calorie palatable foods, emotional eating is a maladaptive behavior that can lead to eating disorders, and ultimately to metabolic disorders and obesity. Emotional eating is associated with eating disorder subtypes and with Accepted manuscript / Final version abnormalities in emotion processing at a behavioral level. However, not enough is known about the neural pathways involved in both emotion processing and food intake. In this review, we provide an overview of recent neuroimaging studies, highlighting the brain correlates between emotions and eating behavior that may be involved in emotional eating.Interaction between neural and neuro-endocrine pathways (HPA axis) may be involved. In addition to behavioral interventions, there is a need for a holistic approach encompassing both neural and physiological levels to prevent emotional eating. Based on recent imaging, this review indicates that more attention should be paid to prefrontal areas, the insular and orbitofrontal cortices, and reward pathways, in addition to regions that play a major role in both the cognitive control of emotions and eating behavior. Identifying these brain regions could allow for neuromodulation interventions, including neurofeedback training, which deserves further investigation.