Ref: Gallstone formation in obese subjects undergoing a weight reduction diet

Morán, Segundo; Milke, Pilar; Rodríguez-Leal, Gustavo Arturo; Uribe, Misael

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800588

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A higher prevalence of gallstones has been suggested among men on cholesterol-lowering diets and among subjects who experienced rapid weight loss, a behavior often correlated with lower cholesterol levels. 35,36 Therefore, our results, in conjunction with these observations, indicate the need to clarify the roles of total cholesterol, LDL and apo B in gallstone formation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Serum lipid levels and the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones: A population‐based study in China

Andreotti

Chen

Gao

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Biliary tract cancers, encompassing the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater, are rare but highly fatal malignancies. Gallstones, the predominant risk factor for biliary cancers, are linked with hyperlipidemia. As part of a populationbased case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China, we examined the associations of serum lipid levels with biliary stones and cancers. We included 460 biliary cancer cases (264 gallbladder, 141 extrahepatic bile duct, and 55 ampulla of Vater), 981 biliary stone cases and 858 healthy individuals randomly selected from the population. Participants completed an in-person interview and gave overnight fasting blood samples. Participants in the highest quintile of triglycerides (≥160 mg/dl) had a 1.4-fold risk of biliary stones (95% CI 5 1.1-1.9), a 1.9-fold risk of gallbladder cancer (95% CI 5 1.3-2.8), and a 4.8-fold risk of bile duct cancer (95% CI 5 2.8-8.1), compared to the reference group (third quintile: 90-124 mg/dl). Participants in the lowest quintile of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (<30 mg/dl) had a 4.2-fold risk of biliary stones (95% CI 5 3.0-6.0), an 11.6-fold risk of gallbladder cancer (95% CI 5 7.3-18.5), and a 16.8-fold risk of bile duct cancer (95% CI 5 9.1-30.9), relative to the reference group (third quintile: 40-49 mg/dl). In addition, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and apolipoprotein A (apo A) were inversely associated with biliary stones; whereas low levels as well as high levels of total cholesterol, LDL, apo A and apolipoprotein B (apo B) were associated with excess risks of biliary tract cancers. Our findings support a role for serum lipids in gallstone development and biliary carcinogenesis. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: serum lipid levels; gallstones; biliary tract cancer Biliary tract cancers, consisting of tumors of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater, are rare but highly fatal malignancies. 1,2 Gallstones are the most important known risk factor for all three biliary tract cancer subsites. Specifically, cholesterol gallstones (composed mainly of cholesterol) and mixed gallstones (composed of both cholesterol and bilirubin) are most strongly associated with gallbladder cancer. 2,3 Furthermore, cholesterol gallstones and gallbladder cancer share a number of putative risk factors, including obesity, high fat diet and hyperlipidemia. 2,4 Hyperlipidemia is generally characterized by high serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL), and low levels of high-density-lipoprotein (HDL). High triglycerides and low HDL have been most consistently associated with gallstones, whereas the associations of total cholesterol and LDL with gallstones are less consistent. [5][6][7] Cholesterol gallstone pathogenesis involves cholesterol saturation of the bile duct due to the hypersecretion of cholesterol from the liver 8 ; however, the exact role of individual lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins is less clear.Given the relationship between hyperlipidemia and gallsto...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Serum lipid levels and the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones: A population‐based study in China

Andreotti

Chen

Gao

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Additionally, a reduction in the lithogenicity of hydrophobic bile salts was demonstrated with consumption of high-fiber and calcium-rich foods [66]. However, fiber supplementation during weight loss did not lead to significant benefits in terms of gallstone development in a randomized study with obese participants [67]. Other foods reported to reduce the risk of cholecystectomy include legumes, olive oil [68], and nuts [69].…”

Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Gallstones In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess Body Weight and Gallstone Disease

Stokes

Lammert

2021

Visc Med

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Background: Approximately one fifth of adults are diagnosed with gallstones worldwide. Of these, around 25% develop gallstone disease (indicated by the presence of symptoms) and undergo cholecystectomy. Summary: The risk of gallstones is influenced by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, such as excess body weight. In fact, body mass has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for symptomatic gallstones. Rapid weight loss can also initiate a prolithogenic state and further increase the likelihood of either gallstone formation or existing gallstones becoming symptomatic; however, sensible weight loss strategies can mitigate this risk. This review discusses the role of excess body weight and the risk of gallstone disease, as well as the options available for the prevention of symptomatic gallstones. Key Messages: Healthy weight loss diets combined with regular physical activity can promote successful weight loss and weight maintenance and reduce the risk of gallstones. Should rapid weight loss be required for health reasons or be expected, e.g., after bariatric surgery, prophylactic ursodeoxycholic acid during the period of weight reduction has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of gallstones formation or symptomatic gallstone occurrence. The recent German guidelines on gallstones recommend simultaneous cholecystectomy during bariatric surgery but only for those with preexisting symptomatic stones.

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“…Im Hinblick auf den Schutz gegen Gallensteinbildung während der Gewichtsabnahme haben Diäten mit höherem Fettanteil positive Wirkungen in randomisierten kontrollierten Studien gezeigt, in denen adipöse Patienten kalorienreduzierte Diäten erhielten [59 -61]. Eine randomisierte Studie berichtete von keinen Unterschieden in der Gallensteinbildung bei adipösen Patienten, die während der Gewichtsabnahme zusätzlich Ballaststoff erhielten, im Vergleich zu denen, die Ursodeoxycholsäure (UDCA, siehe I.2a) erhielten [62]. Die Wirkung von ω-3-Fettsäuren im Vergleich zu UDCA und Placebo wurde in einer randomisierten Studie untersucht [63], da eine Abnahme der Cholesterinsättigung der Galle bei Steinträgern berichtet wurde [64].…”

Section: Kommentarunclassified

Aktualisierte S3-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV) zur Prävention, Diagnostik und Behandlung von Gallensteinen

Gutt¹,

Jenssen

Barreiros

et al. 2018

Z Gastroenterol

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This guideline provides evidence-based key recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of gallstones and upgrades the 2007 version. The guideline was developed by an interdisciplinary team of gastroenterologists and surgeons, and patient support groups under the auspice of the German Society for Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases and the German Society for General Surgery and Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. The guideline used structural S3 consensus-based methodology and includes statements on clinical practice, medical education, prevention, quality assurance, outcome analysis, and integration of outpatient and inpatient care for patients with gallstone diseases.

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Ref: Gallstone formation in obese subjects undergoing a weight reduction diet

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Serum lipid levels and the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones: A population‐based study in China

Serum lipid levels and the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones: A population‐based study in China

Excess Body Weight and Gallstone Disease

Aktualisierte S3-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV) zur Prävention, Diagnostik und Behandlung von Gallensteinen

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