Reexamination of the African hominoid trichotomy with additional sequences from the primate β-globin gene cluster

Bailey, Wendy J.; Hayasaka, Kenji; Skinner, Christopher G.; Kehoe, Susanne; Sieu, Leang C.; Slightom, Jerry L.; Goodman, Morris

doi:10.1016/1055-7903(92)90024-b

Cited by 123 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Subsequent to the divergence of these two groups (Ϸ85 Mya), the HBG gene was lost in Laurasiatheria and the HBH gene was lost in Euarchontoglires. Although HBH was deleted altogether in the gene clusters of rabbits and rodents, a HBHps pseudogene has been retained in nearly all primates that have been examined (9,25). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential loss of embryonic globin genes during the radiation of placental mammals

Opazo

Hoffmann

Storz

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The differential gain and loss of genes from homologous gene families represents an important source of functional variation among the genomes of different species. Differences in gene content between species are primarily attributable to lineagespecific gene gains via duplication and lineage-specific losses via deletion or inactivation. Here, we use a comparative genomic approach to investigate this process of gene turnover in the ␤-globin gene family of placental mammals. By analyzing genomic sequence data from representatives of each of the main superordinal clades of placental mammals, we were able to reconstruct pathways of gene family evolution during the basal radiation of this physiologically and morphologically diverse vertebrate group. Our analysis revealed that an initial expansion of the nonadult portion of the ␤-globin gene cluster in the ancestor of placental mammals was followed by the differential loss and retention of ancestral gene lineages, thereby generating variation in the complement of embryonic globin genes among contemporary species. The sorting of -, ␥-, and -globin gene lineages among the basal clades of placental mammals has produced species differences in the functional types of hemoglobin isoforms that can be synthesized during the course of embryonic development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential loss of embryonic globin genes during the radiation of placental mammals

Opazo

Hoffmann

Storz

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The date estimated in this fashion was very similar to the split estimated for Atelinae and Alouattinae based on nuclear-encoded e-globin and interstitial retinol-binding protein gene (IRBP) intron 1 (Goodman et al, 1998). Thus, with some confidence we used our estimated date of separation between Atelinae and Alouattinae to infer the ages of nodes for Alouatta, Ateles, and Brachyteles using both a clock-enforced ML tree and a local molecular clock approach (Bailey et al, 1992;Schneider et al, 1993).…”

Section: Molecular Clock Analysis and Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thus, with some confidence we used the 16 Ma date of separation between Atelinae and Alouattinae to infer the node ages for Alouatta, Ateles, and Brachyteles using both a clock-enforced ML tree (Fig. 5) and a local molecular clock (Bailey et al, 1992;Schneider et al, 1993). Both approaches yielded very similar estimates of divergence, with the local molecular clock indicating slightly earlier dates of separation at some nodes.…”

Section: Molecular Clockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Neotropical monkey genus, Alouatta

Cortés‐Ortiz

Bermingham

Rico

et al. 2003

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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193

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“…To calculate divergence dates we used the model of a global clock for pairwise distances, and a local clock model for branch lengths (20)(21)(22). One series of global and local clock calculations used a preassigned divergence date of 25 Ma for the mrca of OWMs and apes (fossil evidence for this date is discussed in refs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: Enlarging genusHomo

Wildman

Uddin

Liu

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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239

139

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What do functionally important DNA sites, those scrutinized and shaped by natural selection, tell us about the place of humans in evolution? Here we compare Ϸ90 kb of coding DNA nucleotide sequence from 97 human genes to their sequenced chimpanzee counterparts and to available sequenced gorilla, orangutan, and Old World monkey counterparts, and, on a more limited basis, to mouse. The nonsynonymous changes (functionally important), like synonymous changes (functionally much less important), show chimpanzees and humans to be most closely related, sharing 99.4% identity at nonsynonymous sites and 98.4% at synonymous sites. On a time scale, the coding DNA divergencies separate the humanchimpanzee clade from the gorilla clade at between 6 and 7 million years ago and place the most recent common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees at between 5 and 6 million years ago. The evolutionary rate of coding DNA in the catarrhine clade (Old World monkey and ape, including human) is much slower than in the lineage to mouse. Among the genes examined, 30 show evidence of positive selection during descent of catarrhines. Nonsynonymous substitutions by themselves, in this subset of positively selected genes, group humans and chimpanzees closest to each other and have chimpanzees diverge about as much from the common human-chimpanzee ancestor as humans do. This functional DNA evidence supports two previously offered taxonomic proposals: family Hominidae should include all extant apes; and genus Homo should include three extant species and two subgenera, Homo (Homo) sapiens (humankind), Homo (Pan) troglodytes (common chimpanzee), and Homo (Pan) paniscus (bonobo chimpanzee).As we have no record of the lines of descent, the lines can be discovered only by observing the degrees of resemblance between the beings which are to be classed. For this object numerous points of resemblance are of much more importance than the amount of similarity or dissimilarity in a few points.Charles Darwin (1)The most direct, but unfortunately not the most useful, approach to the phylogeny of recent animals is through their genetics. The stream of heredity makes phylogeny; in a sense, it is phylogeny. Complete genetic analysis would provide the most priceless data for the mapping of this stream. George Gaylord Simpson (2)

show abstract

Reexamination of the African hominoid trichotomy with additional sequences from the primate β-globin gene cluster

Cited by 123 publications

References 42 publications

Differential loss of embryonic globin genes during the radiation of placental mammals

Differential loss of embryonic globin genes during the radiation of placental mammals

Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Neotropical monkey genus, Alouatta

Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: Enlarging genusHomo

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