Reevaluation of the Insoleucine Requirement of the Growing Pig—Plasma Free Isoleucine as a Response Criterion

Bravo, Felipe; Meade, R. J.; Stockland, W. L.; Nordstrom, James W.

doi:10.2527/jas1970.3161137x

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The pattern of response exhibited by blood urea is similar to that found by Sohail (1974) in experiments determining the lysine requirements of pregnant and lactating sows, but is at variance with the findings of other workers who have monitored blood urea levels in amino acid requirement studies with growing pigs (Bravo, Meade, Stockland and Nordstrom, 1970;Oestemer, Hanson and Meade, 1973) and lactating sows Speer, 1973 and1974). A requirement value could not be derived from the middle joint composition data, which were inexplicably variable and did not follow the theoretical response; i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 3. Threonine

1982

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Eight dietary levels of threonine ranging from 4-8 to 6-6 g/kg air-dry diet were given to 64 growing female pigs from 25 to 55 kg live weight. Results for daily live-weight gain and food conversion ratio indicated a requirement value for dietary threonine of 5-6 g/kg. The pattern of response exhibited by blood urea suggested a requirement of 5-4 g/kg. No clear trends were found for carcass composition or plasma free amino acids.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 3. Threonine

1982

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“…Dietary amino acid requirements have been calculated for chicks (Zimmerman and Scott 1965), rats (Stockland et al t97O), and pigs (Mitchell et al 1968;Bravo et al 1970) by measuring PAA concentrations after feeding graded levels of an amino acid. Mitchell et al (1968) and Zimmerman and Scott (1967) showed that the animals must be adapted to the test diets; Knipfel et al (19'72) subsequently showed that 4 days allowed metabolic adaptation in growing pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Methionine Requirement of Growing Pigs Using Serum Free Amino Acids

Keith¹,

Christensen²,

Owen³

1972

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…0.25) for at least a linear response in ADFI or ADG to an increasing Ile concentration, and in most of these experiments the ratio between the minimum and maximum response criterion was greater than 90% (Supplementary material 1). Different factors may have (Brinegar et al, 1950;Becker et al, 1957;Becker et al, 1963;Bravo et al, 1970;Oestemer et al, 1973;Taylor et al, 1985;Bergströ m et al, 1996a and1996b;Lenis and van Diepen, 1997;James et al, 2000;Parr et al, 2003;Kendall, 2004;Kerr et al, 2004;Parr et al, 2004;Dean et al, 2005;Fu, 2005;Wiltafsky et al, 2009;Zhu et al, 2009;Htoo et al, 2010) are experiments where blood meal or blood cells were used as a protein source, whereas open symbols (J) (Henry et al, 1976;Lawrence et al, 2004;Dean et al, 2005;Fu, 2005;Wiltafsky et al, 2009;Trautwein et al, 2010) are experiments where other protein sources were used. The number after the reference indicates that different Ile dose-response experiments were carried out (see Supplementary material 1 and 2 for details).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of the response of growing pigs to the isoleucine concentration in the diet

Milgen

Gloaguen

Floc'H

et al. 2012

animal

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The efficiency of nitrogen utilization will be highest when the amino acid (AA) supply approaches the requirement of the animal. With the availability of different crystalline AA, it is theoretically possible to formulate low-protein diets for growing pigs in which seven AA are co-limiting for performance. In such a diet, the concentration of Lys, Met, Met 1 Cys, Thr, Trp and Val and a seventh AA would exactly match the requirement. To determine the extent to which low-protein diets can be used, it is important to have reliable information about the requirements for these AA. Isoleucine is often considered the seventh-limiting AA in diets for growing pigs; however, information about the Ile requirement is limited and sometimes conflicting. The purpose of this study was to carry out a meta-analysis of the available literature information to determine the Ile requirement in growing pigs. A total of 46 Ile dose-response experiments were identified that used at least four concentrations of Ile in the diet. Because of differences in experimental design, both the Ile concentration and the response criteria were standardized. In 13 dose-response experiments, there was no indication of a response to an increasing Ile concentration. For the other 33 experiments, a response to the increasing Ile concentration was observed and the Ile requirement estimates ranged from 53% to 114% of that of the National Research Council (1998). An Ile concentration below the requirement resulted in important reductions in both feed intake and growth. A 10% reduction in the Ile concentration (below the requirement) resulted in a 15% reduction in feed intake and a 21% reduction in daily gain. The use of blood products in the diet was the main factor determining whether a response to the Ile concentration was observed or not. Blood meal and blood cells are protein sources with a very low Ile concentration, but with high or very high concentrations of Leu, Val, Phe and His. Some of these AA compete with Ile for catabolic pathways or transport across the blood-brain barrier, thereby potentially increasing the requirement for Ile. In diets without blood products, the Ile requirement appears to be lower than the currently recommended requirement. On the basis of the outcome of this study, we recommend a Ile : Lys requirement ratio of at least 50% on a standardized ileal digestible basis.

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Reevaluation of the Insoleucine Requirement of the Growing Pig—Plasma Free Isoleucine as a Response Criterion

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 3. Threonine

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 3. Threonine

Determination of the Methionine Requirement of Growing Pigs Using Serum Free Amino Acids

Meta-analysis of the response of growing pigs to the isoleucine concentration in the diet

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