Reevaluation of ethylene oxide hemolysis and irritation potential

Anand, Varnana; Cogdill, C P; Klausner, K. A.; Lister, L.; Barbolt, Thomas A.; Page, B. F. J.; Urbanski, Peter; Woss, Casimir J.; Boyce, John M.

doi:10.1002/jbm.a.10422

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As expected, CLPEI induced significant hemolysis, corresponding to 70–85% relative to deionized water (DW, an established positive control causing osmotic hemolysis 19, 20 ), at a concentration of 10–40 µg/mL. The addition of DS reduced the hemolytic activity of CLPEI to a level comparable to the negative control (PBS) (Figure 1c).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Polyethylenimine-Dermatan Sulfate Complex, a Bioactive Biomaterial with Unique Toxicity to CD146-Positive Cancer Cells

Kim

Kwak

et al. 2017

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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We report unique bioactivity of a polycation-polyanion complex with potential utility for cancer therapy. A complex of disulfide-crosslinked polyethyleneimine (CLPEI), a polycation used for gene complexation, and dermatan sulfate (DS), an anionic polysaccharide to shield excessive cationic charge of the former, has toxicity to a specific group of cancer cell lines, including B16-F10 murine melanoma, A375SM human melanoma, and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. These CLPEI-DS-sensitive cells express CD146, which binds to the complex via interaction with DS. There is a positive correlation between toxicity and intracellular level of CLPEI, indicating that the CLPEI-DS-sensitivity is attributable to the increased cellular uptake of CLPEI mediated by the DS-CD146 interactions. In vitro studies show that CLPEI-DS complex causes G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptotic cell death. In syngeneic and allograft models of B16-F10 melanoma, CLPEI-DS complex administered with a sub-toxic level of doxorubicin potentiates the chemotherapeutic effect of the drug by loosening tumor tissues. Given the unique toxicity, CLPEI-DS complex may be a useful carrier of gene or chemotherapeutics for the therapy of CD146-positive cancers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Polyethylenimine-Dermatan Sulfate Complex, a Bioactive Biomaterial with Unique Toxicity to CD146-Positive Cancer Cells

Kim

Kwak

et al. 2017

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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“…Hemolysis Test. The hemolysis test was performed according to the protocol reported by Anand et al 29 The tail vein blood of Wistar rats (purchased from Velaz, Prague, Czech Republic) was collected via a cannula to ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-coated vacuum test tubes containing the polymers (c = 0.5 mg/mL). The blood was used within 1 h from collection.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Comparison of Analogous Amphiphilic Gradient and Block Polyoxazolines

et al. 2021

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Both gradient and block copolymers can be used as drug delivery systems, but their relative (dis)advantages remain unknown. Thus, we directly compared analogous amphiphilic gradient and block polyoxazolines for their physicochemical properties and potential as building components of nanodrugs. For this purpose, we prepared a library of 18 polymers with varying ratios of monomeric units, using 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOx) as a hydrophilic monomer and 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline (PhOx), 2-(4butylphenyl)-2-oxazoline (BuPhOx), or 2-(4-butoxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline (BuOPhOx) as a hydrophobic monomer, and determined their homo/heteropolymerization kinetics. Our results showed that gradient copolymers had broader glass transition intervals and formed nanoparticles several times smaller and more compact than the corresponding block analogs. In particular, PMeOx 70 -grad-PhOx 30 and PMeOx 70 -grad-BuPhOx 30 exhibited a significantly higher drug loading capacity and entrapment efficiency than their corresponding block analogs. Notwithstanding these differences, all polymers were cyto-and hemocompatible in vitro. Therefore, analogous gradient and block copolymers may be alternatively used for specific biomedical applications.

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“…We also searched for an association of PEG with thrombocytopenia or AIHA; only articles describing adverse effects of PEG-interferon were identified. Additional searches identified three reports of hemolysis and/or thrombocytopenia associated with other organic chemical exposures: ethylene oxide, 8 polyethylene, 9 and polydimethylsiloxane. 10 Our hypothesis is that this patient's IUD contributed to the pathogenesis of her Evans syndrome and that its removal contributed to her recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia attributed to an intrauterine contraceptive device

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND Evans syndrome is a rare condition manifested by combined autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and thrombocytopenia or neutropenia. It is often associated with other autoimmune disorders, immunodeficiencies, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. CASE REPORT We describe a patient with Evans syndrome that may have been related to exposure to a polyethylene-based intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). A 26-year-old white female presented with severe, symptomatic AIHA and subsequently developed severe thrombocytopenia. She had a refractory course resistant to multiple treatments including corticosteroids, intravenous immune globulin, rituximab, splenectomy, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, eculizumab, and plasma exchange. It was then noticed that her serum autoantibody agglutinated red blood cells (RBCs) in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) but not in the absence of PEG nor when an alternative agglutination enhancing technique, low-ionic-strength solution, was used. Therefore, her polyethylene-containing IUD, which was a polyethylene frame with a levonorgestrel-releasing device, was removed. Norgestrel-dependent, platelet (PLT)-reactive antibodies were not identified by either flow cytometry or in vivo in a NOD/SCID mouse. Testing for PEG-dependent antibodies was not possible. Remission, with no requirement for RBC or PLT transfusions and return of her hemoglobin and PLT counts to normal, followed removal of the IUD. CONCLUSION The patient’s recovery after removal of the IUD and the PEG dependence of RBC agglutination suggested a possibility that the IUD may have been a contributing factor to the etiology of Evans syndrome in this patient.

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Reevaluation of ethylene oxide hemolysis and irritation potential

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Polyethylenimine-Dermatan Sulfate Complex, a Bioactive Biomaterial with Unique Toxicity to CD146-Positive Cancer Cells

Polyethylenimine-Dermatan Sulfate Complex, a Bioactive Biomaterial with Unique Toxicity to CD146-Positive Cancer Cells

Direct Comparison of Analogous Amphiphilic Gradient and Block Polyoxazolines

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia attributed to an intrauterine contraceptive device

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