“…Twenty‐five percent of the sample described being approached by strangers who felt compelled to tell them how inspiring they were for being out in public. Others (23.2%) recalled incidents of being told they were inspirational for participating in the workforce or going to school; fewer (12.5%) reported these experiences in medical contexts, or of being the target of online stories about the heroic supercrip (5.0%) used to characterize disabled people more generally (Schalk, ). I have probably been told I am inspirational on at least a weekly basis.…”
Disabled people experience ableism in many forms from the seemingly benevolent to the blatantly hostile, and more ambivalent or mixed forms (e.g., paternalistic/condescending and jealous/envy). Rooted in historic and contemporary frameworks, this study explores the experiences of an international sample of disabled people (N = 185) using six open-ended questions to assess some of the manifestations of ableism documented in the literature. We found that experiences with paternalistic forms of ableism were among the most pervasive followed by inspirational, hostile, envious, and dehumanizing forms while fears of becoming disabled or "catching" disability were less commonly reported. Furthermore, some forms of ableism (e.g., infantilization, unwanted help, and invasions of privacy) were more common among those with visible impairments whereas invalidation and accusations of fraud were more common among those with less apparent conditions. Implications for policies related to hate crimes, health care, and media representations are discussed along with directions for future research.If I tell someone I don't like their pitying behavior or point out that their kind intent had a harmful impact, they become hostile, usually accusing me of being ungrateful or disabled people like me as "too sensitive" (Person with multiple disabilities, 2015). People go from pity party, you're so inspirational to you're an ungrateful bitch really fast when I turn down help. (Person with multiple disabilities, 2015).In many ways, the manifestations of ableism are comparable to other minority group prejudices expressed as fear, denigration, and dehumanizing actions on the
“…Twenty‐five percent of the sample described being approached by strangers who felt compelled to tell them how inspiring they were for being out in public. Others (23.2%) recalled incidents of being told they were inspirational for participating in the workforce or going to school; fewer (12.5%) reported these experiences in medical contexts, or of being the target of online stories about the heroic supercrip (5.0%) used to characterize disabled people more generally (Schalk, ). I have probably been told I am inspirational on at least a weekly basis.…”
Disabled people experience ableism in many forms from the seemingly benevolent to the blatantly hostile, and more ambivalent or mixed forms (e.g., paternalistic/condescending and jealous/envy). Rooted in historic and contemporary frameworks, this study explores the experiences of an international sample of disabled people (N = 185) using six open-ended questions to assess some of the manifestations of ableism documented in the literature. We found that experiences with paternalistic forms of ableism were among the most pervasive followed by inspirational, hostile, envious, and dehumanizing forms while fears of becoming disabled or "catching" disability were less commonly reported. Furthermore, some forms of ableism (e.g., infantilization, unwanted help, and invasions of privacy) were more common among those with visible impairments whereas invalidation and accusations of fraud were more common among those with less apparent conditions. Implications for policies related to hate crimes, health care, and media representations are discussed along with directions for future research.If I tell someone I don't like their pitying behavior or point out that their kind intent had a harmful impact, they become hostile, usually accusing me of being ungrateful or disabled people like me as "too sensitive" (Person with multiple disabilities, 2015). People go from pity party, you're so inspirational to you're an ungrateful bitch really fast when I turn down help. (Person with multiple disabilities, 2015).In many ways, the manifestations of ableism are comparable to other minority group prejudices expressed as fear, denigration, and dehumanizing actions on the
“…And yet, Ruby and Luther only seem inspired because of how the disabled veterans continue to fit into the American heteronormative capitalist solider‐hero trope by working, marrying, and having children, suggesting anything else would be a form of failure (222). As a result, Forbidden Temptation conforms to the regular supercrip narrative that “both normalizes and others people with disabilities because although the representation shows a person with a disability doing something ‘just like everyone else,’ the creation of the representation is premised upon the ableist assumption that people with disabilities do not do these things and thus are not just like everyone else” (Schalk 79).…”
“…Specifically, we conceptualize depiction of one achieving success despite disabilitywhich we term exoticized idealizationas a form of misrepresentation linked to rejected exclusion whereby conceptions and/or resultant perceptions of PWD follow the so-called supercrip narrative. According to Schalk (2016), supercrip narratives are premised upon the ableist assumption that PWD "are not just like everyone else" (79). Thus, depicting a plot of PWD excelling in a given life task as a special, unusual case of one overcoming his/her impairment to exceed expected performance abilities shifts the focus from sociocultural barriers constructed by ableist views engendered within societies to the pathological implications of an impairment itself (Silva and Howe 2012).…”
Section: Conceptualizing the Effects Of Ableism In Pwd Symbolic Inclumentioning
Acknowledgement: The authors wish to express their thanks and appreciation to the Special Issue editors and the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on the earlier versions of this manuscript. 2 'Super disabilities' vs 'Disabilities'? Theorizing the role of ableism in (mis)representational mythology of disability in the marketplace Abstract People with disabilities (PWD) constitute one of the largest minority groups with one in five people worldwide having a disability. While recognition and inclusion of this group in the marketplace has seen improvement, the effects of (mis)representation of PWD in shaping the discourse on fostering marketplace inclusion of socially marginalized consumers remain little understood. Although effects of misrepresentation (e.g., idealized, exoticized or selective representation) on inclusion/exclusion perceptions and cognitions has received attention in the context of ethnic/racial groups, the world of disability has been largely neglected. By extending the theory of ableism into the context of PWD representation and applying it to the analysis of the We're the Superhumans advertisement developed for the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games, this paper examines the relationship between the (mis)representation and the inclusion/exclusion discourse. By uncovering that PWD misrepresentations can partially mask and/or redress the root causes of exclusion experienced by PWD in their lived realities, it contributes to the research agenda on the transformative role of consumption cultures perpetuating harmful, exclusionary social perceptions of marginalized groups versus contributing to advancement of their inclusion.
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