Reevaluating the hydrochemistry of groundwater in basement complex aquifers of Kaduna Basin, NW Nigeria using multivariate statistical analysis

Wali, Saadu Umar; Alias, Noraliani; Harun, Sobri

doi:10.1007/s12665-021-09421-z

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…However, it is closer to the end member of carbonate rock, indicating that the chemical composition of groundwater in this area is mainly controlled by the weathering of carbonate rock, and some points fall in the middle of silicate rock and carbonate rock, indicating that silicate rock also has a certain influence on the hydrochemical composition of this area. Similar kinds of phenomena have also been reported. , The rock weathering types of different sampling sites are different, which may be related to the spatial lithology differences in the study area.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

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Hydrodynamic Groundwater Modeling and Hydrochemical Conceptualization of the Closure Mining Area of the WuMa River Watershed of China

Yang,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The WuMa River (WMR) watershed is located in Renhuai City, Guizhou Province of China, which is a first-class tributary of the Chishui River. The geochemical investigation mainly included the determination of groundwater pH, total hardness, total dissolution solid, major cationic and anionic, and the geochemical groundwater modeling. The principal component analysis (PCA) and Gibbs model were used to analyze the pollution type and geochemical composition. The geochemical investigation results show that the cations of groundwater are dominated by Ca 2+ and the anions are dominated by HCO 3 − ; therefore, two main hydrochemical types in the study area are identified as Ca. The chemical composition of groundwater in this area is mainly controlled by weathering of the carbonate rocks. The ion concentration of groundwater in the study area exhibited significant spatial variability between dry and wet seasons, while temporal changes of cationic and anionic concentrations exhibited irregularities. In PCA and FA analysis, PC1, PC2, and PC3 were extracted, which could explain 51.92, 26.98, and 12.61% of the total information, respectively. F1 explained 67.44% of the total variance, among which Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , SO 4 2− , and Cl − contributed the most among the factors and were the main factors controlling the chemical composition of groundwater. The relative error between the measured water level and the simulated water level is less than 2%, which meets the requirements of simulation accuracy. During the simulation period of the model, a total recharge of 339.05 × 10 4 m 3 was observed in the simulated area, primarily attributed to infiltration from rainfall. The total excretion amounted to 330.78 × 10 4 m 3 , primarily through evaporation, with a minor amount of lateral outflow. The migration pathway of pollutants in groundwater primarily follows the direction of groundwater flow while diffusing vertically. The migration range of the pollutant is in accordance with the direction of groundwater flow and extends along the larger hydraulic gradient, demonstrating consistency. The findings of this study serve as a reminder that the closure of coal mines can constitute a significant source of water pollution. Simultaneously, they offer empirical data and theoretical references for the simulation and prediction of groundwater contamination in enclosed coal mines.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Similar kinds of phenomena have also been reported. 54,55 The rock weathering types of different sampling sites are different, which may be related to the spatial lithology differences in the study area.…”

Section: Hydrochemistry Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic Groundwater Modeling and Hydrochemical Conceptualization of the Closure Mining Area of the WuMa River Watershed of China

Yang,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…The spatial distribution of NO 3 − concentrations showed higher concentrations in agricultural land and near urban areas (Figure 2j). The high NO 3 − concentrations in aquifers may be due to the high density of urban areas and intensive human activity [18,22]. Overall, 44.64% of the collected groundwater samples (15 QA and 10 BA samples) exceeded the World Health Organization drinking water threshold for NO 3 − (50 mg/L).…”

Section: Hydrochemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the significance of the correlation was evaluated using the p < 0.05 level. Based on several related studies [8,22,23], r values greater than 0.9 and lower than 0.5 indicate strong and low positive correlations, respectively, whereas r range values of 0.5-0.7 and 0.7-0.9 indicate moderate and good correlations, respectively.…”

Section: Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multivariate analysis techniques are important tools for assessing the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater. They were, indeed, applied in several areas [22]. Several researchers have indicated that geological and anthropogenic influences on the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater can be assessed using multivariate statistics.…”

Section: Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Processes of Groundwater in the Coastal Area of the Dagujia River Basin, China

et al. 2022

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Groundwater resource is vital for industrial, drinking and irrigation purposes in the Dagujia river basin, China. The objective of this work was to comprehensively assess the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution processes of the Quaternary aquifer (QA) and the bedrock aquifer (BA) of the basin using statistical methods and hydrochemical plots. In total, 56 groundwater samples were collected from the QA (34 samples) and BA (22 samples). In addition, statistical methods combined with the geographic information system were used to identify the hydrochemical parameters of groundwater, as well as its spatial distribution in the Dagujia river basin. The Piper diagram showed that Ca-Na-HCO3 was the dominant groundwater facies type, while nine QA samples collected near the coastal line showed the Na-Cl facies type. On the other hand, the Gibbs diagram showed that most samples fell in the rock dominance zone. The principal component analysis results showed that the water–rock interaction and anthropogenic activities are the controlling factors, which is consistent with the results obtained using other methods. The results of this study indicated that rock weathering controls the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater, while anthropogenic contamination and sea water intrusion are becoming increasingly serious issues for both QA and BA in the Dagujia river basin. Therefore, both Quaternary and bedrock aquifers require more attention.

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Water quality, criticality, and sustainability of mountain springs—a case study from the Nepal Himalaya

Upreti,

Kayastha,

Bhuiyan

2023

Environ Monit Assess

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Reevaluating the hydrochemistry of groundwater in basement complex aquifers of Kaduna Basin, NW Nigeria using multivariate statistical analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 100 publications

Hydrodynamic Groundwater Modeling and Hydrochemical Conceptualization of the Closure Mining Area of the WuMa River Watershed of China

Hydrodynamic Groundwater Modeling and Hydrochemical Conceptualization of the Closure Mining Area of the WuMa River Watershed of China

A Study on Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Processes of Groundwater in the Coastal Area of the Dagujia River Basin, China

Water quality, criticality, and sustainability of mountain springs—a case study from the Nepal Himalaya

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